M6A-Related Long Non-Coding RNA Displays Utility in Predicting Prognosis, Portraying the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Guiding Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sources of Information and Initial Data Handling
2.2. Analyses of Genome Mutation Data
2.3. Analysis of Functional and Pathway Enrichment
2.4. Identification of Outcome-Related m6A-lncRNAs
2.5. Consensus Clustering of Outcome-Relevant lncRNAs
2.6. Depiction and Comparison of the TIME between Clusters
2.7. Establishment and Validation of an m6A-lncRNA-Based Prognostic Risk Score Signature
2.8. Cell Lines and Cell Culture
2.9. Isolation of Total RNAs and Implementation of Quantitative Real-Time PCR
2.10. The TRAF3IP2-AS1 Knockdown Model
2.11. The Estimation of Cellular Proliferative Ability
2.12. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Cell Apoptosis
2.13. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Cell Cycle
2.14. Detection of Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 Activity
2.15. Xenograft Model and In Vivo Validation
2.16. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
2.17. TUNEL Staining
2.18. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Depiction of m6A Regulator Abnormality and Recognition of m6A-Related lncRNA in PDAC Patients
3.2. Depiction of PDAC TIME Features through Consensus Clustering Analysis of Prognostic m6A-lncRNA
3.3. Expression Pattern of TRAF3IP2-AS1, along with Ten Other lncRNAs, Could Be Used to Predict the Prognosis of PDAC Patients
3.4. Signaling Pathway Enrichment Analysis and Correlation between Risk Score and TIME Characteristics
3.5. The m6A-lncRNA-Based Risk Scoring Signature Was Also Effective in Guiding Immunotherapy in PDAC Patients
3.6. Knockdown of TRAF3IP2-AS1 Facilitated Growth of PDAC In Vitro
3.7. Low Expression of TRAF3IP2-AS1 Prompted PDAC Progression In Vivo
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Classification | Regulator Name |
---|---|
Writers | VIRMA, LRPPRC, WTAP, ZC3H13, METTL3, RBM15/15B/X, METTL14, METTL16 |
Readers | IGFBP2, FMR1, HNRNPA2B1, YTHDF1, YTHDC2, YTHDF3, HNRNPC, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, YTHDF2, YTHDC1 |
Erasers | ALKBH5, FTO |
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Xu, G.; Ji, Y.; Wang, L.; Xu, H.; Shen, C.; Ye, H.; Yang, X. M6A-Related Long Non-Coding RNA Displays Utility in Predicting Prognosis, Portraying the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Guiding Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Vaccines 2023, 11, 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030499
Xu G, Ji Y, Wang L, Xu H, Shen C, Ye H, Yang X. M6A-Related Long Non-Coding RNA Displays Utility in Predicting Prognosis, Portraying the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Guiding Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Vaccines. 2023; 11(3):499. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030499
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Guangyu, Yutian Ji, Lufeng Wang, Hao Xu, Chaodong Shen, Haihao Ye, and Xiangchou Yang. 2023. "M6A-Related Long Non-Coding RNA Displays Utility in Predicting Prognosis, Portraying the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Guiding Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma" Vaccines 11, no. 3: 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030499