Evaluation of Vaccine Hesitancy and Anxiety Levels among Hospital Cleaning Staff and Caregivers during COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Type, Place, and Time of Research
2.2. Population and Sample of Research
2.3. Scales Used in the Study
2.3.1. Demographic and Social Characteristics Form
2.3.2. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale-Short Form (CAS-SF)
2.3.3. Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) adapted to Pandemic
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Socio-Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Perceptions of COVID-19 and Vaccines of the Participants
3.3. Anxiety and Vaccine Hesitancy Levels of the Participants
3.4. Evaluation of Relationship between VHS Scores and Various Variables
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion and Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n | % |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Female | 138 | 30.0 |
Male | 322 | 70.0 |
Marital Status | ||
Married | 258 | 56.1 |
Single | 202 | 43.9 |
Educational status | ||
Secondary school | 71 | 15.8 |
High school | 248 | 53.9 |
Associate graduate | 80 | 17.4 |
Bachelor or postgraduate | 61 | 13.2 |
Have you child? | ||
Yes | 113 | 70.2 |
No | 48 | 29.8 |
Working unit | ||
Service (wards) | 241 | 52.4 |
Intensive care | 85 | 18.5 |
Emergency unit | 44 | 9.6 |
Operating room | 15 | 3.3 |
Outpatient clinic | 75 | 16.3 |
Smoking | ||
Yes | 209 | 45.4 |
No | 251 | 54.6 |
Do you have a chronic disease? | ||
Yes | 56 | 12.2 |
No | 404 | 87.8 |
Have you a psychological disease (anxiety or depression) | ||
Yes | 24 | 5.2 |
No | 436 | 94.8 |
Age (years) | ||
Median (IQR) | 30 (14) | |
95% CI | 29–32 | |
CAS Score | ||
Median (IQR) | 5 (6) | |
95% CI | 5–6 | |
VHS Score (Total) | ||
Median (IQR) | 35 (11) | |
95% CI | 34–37 | |
VHS Score (Risk) | ||
Median (IQR) | 6 (3) | |
95% CI | 6–7 | |
VHS Score (Lack of Confidence) | ||
Median (IQR) | 29 (12) | |
95% CI | 28–30 |
Variables | n | % |
---|---|---|
Exposure to the COVID-19? | ||
Yes | 166 | 36.1 |
No | 294 | 63.9 |
Vaccination against COVID-19? | ||
Yes | 401 | 87.2 |
No | 59 | 12.8 |
Number of COVID-19 vaccines | ||
1 dose | 38 | 9.5 |
2 doses | 175 | 43.6 |
3 doses | 176 | 43.9 |
4 doses | 12 | 2.6 |
Hesitancy against childhood vaccine | ||
Yes | 50 | 10.9 |
No | 410 | 89.1 |
Hesitancy against COVID-19 vaccine | ||
Yes | 194 | 42.2 |
No | 266 | 57.8 |
Do you think the COVID-19 vaccine is protective? | ||
Yes | 205 | 44.6 |
No | 109 | 23.7 |
No idea | 146 | 31.7 |
Should the COVID-19 vaccine be made mandatory by law? | ||
Yes | 163 | 35.4 |
No | 195 | 42.4 |
No idea | 102 | 22.2 |
Which of the following worries you the most, during the COVID-19 | ||
My parents’ exposure to COVID-19 | 287 | 62.4 |
Uncertainties about COVID-19 | 193 | 42.0 |
Individual exposure to COVID-19 | 166 | 36.1 |
Working in the COVID-19 service | 71 | 15.4 |
Working in the COVID-19 intensive care unit | 80 | 17.4 |
Variables | COVID-19 Anxiety Status | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Absence | Presence | ||||
n | % | n | % | ||
Age Groups (years) | 0.995 | ||||
≤20 | 29 | 82.9 | 6 | 17.1 | |
21–30 | 146 | 81.6 | 33 | 18.4 | |
31–40 | 111 | 81.6 | 25 | 18.4 | |
≥41 | 62 | 82.7 | 13 | 17.3 | |
Gender | <0.001 | ||||
Female | 125 | 90.6 | 13 | 9.4 | |
Male | 245 | 76.1 | 77 | 23.9 | |
Educational status | 0.397 | ||||
Secondary school | 56 | 78.9 | 15 | 21.1 | |
High school | 196 | 79.0 | 52 | 21.0 | |
Associate graduate | 64 | 80.0 | 16 | 20.0 | |
Bachelor or postgraduate | 54 | 88.5 | 7 | 11.5 | |
Working unit | 0.002 | ||||
Service (wards) | 205 | 85.1 | 36 | 14.9 | |
Intensive care | 56 | 65.9 | 29 | 34.1 | |
Emergency unit | 37 | 84.1 | 7 | 15.9 | |
Operating room | 10 | 66.7 | 5 | 33.3 | |
Outpatient clinic | 62 | 82.7 | 13 | 17.3 | |
Vaccination against COVID-19? | 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 332 | 82.8 | 69 | 17.2 | |
No | 38 | 64.4 | 21 | 35.6 | |
Have you a psychological disease (anxiety or depression) | 0.023 | ||||
Yes | 15 | 62.5 | 9 | 37.5 | |
No | 355 | 81.4 | 81 | 18.6 | |
Should the COVID-19 vaccine be made mandatory by law? | 0.891 | ||||
Yes | 133 | 81.6 | 30 | 18.4 | |
No | 156 | 80.0 | 39 | 20.0 | |
No idea | 81 | 79.4 | 21 | 20.6 |
Variables | VHS Risk | VHS Lack of Confidence | VHS Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median (IQR) (IQR) Score | 95% CI | p | Median (IQR) | 95% CI | p | Median (IQR) (IQR) Score | 95% CI | p | |
Age Groups (years) | 0.757 | 0.486 | 0.425 | ||||||
≤20 | 6 (3) | 6–8 | 18 (12) | 15–21 | 24 (11) | 20–28 | |||
21–30 | 6 (3) | 6–7 | 20 (11) | 19–23 | 27 (12) | 26–30 | |||
31–40 | 6 (3) | 6–7 | 18 (11) | 17–22 | 26 (11) | 25–29 | |||
≥41 | 6 (2) | 6–7 | 20 (14) | 18–24 | 26 (12) | 24–30 | |||
Gender | 0.351 | 0.623 | 0.875 | ||||||
Female | 6 (3) | 6–8 | 20 (10) | 20–22 | 26 (10) | 26–29 | |||
Male | 6 (2) | 6–7 | 19 (13) | 18–22 | 26 (13) | 25–28 | |||
Educational Status | 0.093 | 0.398 | 0.507 | ||||||
Secondary school | 6 (3) | 6–7 | 20 (12) | 17–24 | 27 (12) | 24–30 | |||
High school | 6 (3) | 6–7 | 20 (12) | 19–22 | 27 (12) | 25–28 | |||
Associate graduate | 6 (2) | 6–7 | 19 (12) | 17–21 | 25 (11) | 23–27 | |||
Bachelor or postgraduate | 6 (2) | 6–8 | 17 (13) | 14–20 | 24 (13) | 20–27 | |||
Exposure to the COVID-19? | 0.038 | 0.994 | |||||||
Yes | 6 (3) | 6–7 | 19 (12) | 18–21 | 0.649 | 26 (12) | 25–29 | ||
No | 6 (2) | 6–7 | 20 (12) | 18–21 | 26 (13) | 26–28 | |||
Vaccination against COVID-19? | 0.418 | 0.042 | 0.047 | ||||||
Yes | 6 (3) | 6–7 | 19 (12) | 18–20 | 26 (11) | 26–28 | |||
No | 6 (3) | 6–8 | 22 (17) | 20–24 | 29 (16) | 24–31 | |||
Hesitancy against COVID-19 Vaccine | 0.011 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 6 (3) | 6–7 | 22 (9) | 21–24 | 29 (9) | 28–30 | |||
No | 6 (2) | 6–7 | 17 (13) | 16–18 | 23 (12) | 22–25 | |||
Do you think the COVID-19 vaccine is protective? | 0.088 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 6 (3) | 6–7 | 16 (10) | 15–18 | 21 (8) | 20–23 | |||
No | 6 (2) | 6–8 | 24 (12) | 23–27 | 30 (10) | 29–33 | |||
No idea | 6 (2) | 6–7 | 23 (8) | 21–24 | 29 (8) | 27–30 | |||
Should the COVID-19 vaccine be made mandatory by law? | 0.035 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 6 (3) | 6–7 | 16 (12) | 15–18 | 21 (12) | 20–23 | |||
No | 6 (3) | 6–7 | 23 (10) | 23–24 | 29 (11) | 28–30 | |||
No idea | 6 (2) | 6–7 | 20 (9) | 19–24 | 26 (10) | 26–30 |
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Akbulut, S.; Gokce, A.; Boz, G.; Saritas, H.; Unsal, S.; Ozer, A.; Akbulut, M.S.; Colak, C. Evaluation of Vaccine Hesitancy and Anxiety Levels among Hospital Cleaning Staff and Caregivers during COVID-19 Pandemic. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091426
Akbulut S, Gokce A, Boz G, Saritas H, Unsal S, Ozer A, Akbulut MS, Colak C. Evaluation of Vaccine Hesitancy and Anxiety Levels among Hospital Cleaning Staff and Caregivers during COVID-19 Pandemic. Vaccines. 2022; 10(9):1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091426
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkbulut, Sami, Ayse Gokce, Gulseda Boz, Hasan Saritas, Selver Unsal, Ali Ozer, Mehmet Serdar Akbulut, and Cemil Colak. 2022. "Evaluation of Vaccine Hesitancy and Anxiety Levels among Hospital Cleaning Staff and Caregivers during COVID-19 Pandemic" Vaccines 10, no. 9: 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091426
APA StyleAkbulut, S., Gokce, A., Boz, G., Saritas, H., Unsal, S., Ozer, A., Akbulut, M. S., & Colak, C. (2022). Evaluation of Vaccine Hesitancy and Anxiety Levels among Hospital Cleaning Staff and Caregivers during COVID-19 Pandemic. Vaccines, 10(9), 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091426