Healthcare Workers’ Worries and Monkeypox Vaccine Advocacy during the First Month of the WHO Monkeypox Alert: Cross-Sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Ethical Approval
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
MOH | Ministry of Health |
MPXV | Monkeypox virus |
SARS-CoV-2 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
WHO | World Health Organization |
References
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Characteristic | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Female | 708 | 62.7 |
Male | 422 | 37.3 |
Age group | ||
20–30 years | 321 | 28.5 |
31–40 years | 450 | 39.9 |
41–50 years | 227 | 20.1 |
≥51–60 years | 129 | 11.5 |
Marital state | ||
Never married | 381 | 33.8 |
Married | 746 | 66.2 |
Nationality | ||
Saudi | 486 | 43 |
Expatriate | 644 | 57 |
Households (family) size—members | ||
Prefer not to answer | 122 | 10.8 |
1–3 members | 446 | 39.6 |
4–6 persons | 408 | 36.2 |
7–10 persons or more | 151 | 13.4 |
Households’ monthly income (Saudi Riyals) | ||
Prefer not to answer | 354 | 31.4 |
Less than 10,000 SR | 257 | 22.8 |
10,001–15,000 SR | 118 | 10.5 |
15,001–20,000 SR | 120 | 10.6 |
>20,000 SR | 278 | 24.7 |
Working hospital type | ||
Primary healthcare center | 225 | 20 |
Secondary—care hospital | 202 | 17.9 |
Tertiary hospital | 700 | 62.1 |
Clinical Role | ||
Medical student | 80 | 7.1 |
Technicians/Lab workers and Pharmacists | 132 | 11.7 |
Nurses | 470 | 41.7 |
Physicians | 445 | 39.5 |
Hospital Working area/covering service | ||
Pharmacy and laboratory | 193 | 17.1 |
Critical care units | 261 | 23.1 |
Infectious Disease/Isolation wards | 43 | 3.8 |
General wards | 297 | 26.4 |
OPD | 333 | 29.5 |
Have you been previously diagnosed with COVID19? | ||
Yes | 469 | 41.6 |
No | 658 | 58.4 |
Variable | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Have you travelled in the last month to a country where Monkeypox was recently reported? | ||
West or Central Africa | 7 | 5.8 |
Europe, North America, and Australia | 35 | 52.4 |
UAE | 28 | 23.3 |
Other (far Asia, India, Spain, France, and middle eastern countries) | 57 | 47.5 |
How would you rate your current awareness about Monkeypox? | ||
Low | 451 | 40.1 |
Moderate | 415 | 36.8 |
High | 261 | 23.2 |
After Receiving this survey, did you perceive the need to read more about Monkeypox disease? | ||
No | 291 | 25.8 |
Yes | 836 | 74.2 |
What are your sources of Information about Monkeypox disease? | ||
Official local statements or press releases from MOH or Saudi-CDC (Weqayah) | 608 | 57.6 |
International health authorities’ websites (WHO or CDC) | 631 | 59.8 |
Social Networks (like YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp) | 539 | 51.1 |
Scientific journals | 259 | 24.5 |
Other Internet-based sources | 32 | 3 |
How worried are you that Monkeypox will cause a worldwide pandemic similar to COVID-19? | ||
None/little worried | 549 | 48.7 |
Moderate worry | 293 | 26 |
Worried a lot | 285 | 25.3 |
Do you think Monkeypox causes a more severe disease compared to Smallpox? | ||
Disagree | 264 | 23.4 |
Unsure | 448 | 39.8 |
Agree | 415 | 36.8 |
Which is more worrisome to you, COVID-19 or Monkeypox disease? | ||
Unsure/Equally worried | 88 | 7.8 |
I am more worried about COVID-19 | 637 | 56.5 |
I am more worried about Monkeypox | 402 | 35.7 |
Healthcare workers should apply more infection control measures than the current ones, with the new Monkeypox outbreaks in some countries? | ||
Agree | 762 | 67.6 |
Neither agree nor disagree | 292 | 25.9 |
Disagree | 73 | 6.5 |
Please rate your level of worry about traveling abroad with the new Monkeypox outbreaks in some countries | ||
Not worried at all | 230 | 20.4 |
Somewhat worried | 745 | 66.1 |
Extremely worried | 152 | 13.5 |
HCWs’ sources of worries from Monkeypox disease | ||
Me or my family being affected by the Monkeypox | 395 | 49.6 |
Another worldwide pandemic | 548 | 68.8 |
Worried Monkeypox might surge to cause national lock-down | 339 | 42.6 |
International flight suspension | 325 | 40.8 |
Other (please specify) | 32 | 4 |
Multivariate Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) | 95% CI | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||
Sex = Male | 0.533 | 0.394 | 0.721 | <0.001 |
Age (years) | 1.000 | 0.984 | 1.017 | 0.964 |
Previous COVID-19 infection | 0.735 | 0.560 | 0.964 | 0.026 |
Households Size-Family size | 1.115 | 0.945 | 1.314 | 0.196 |
Clinical Role Medical student | 2.796 | 1.570 | 4.978 | <0.001 |
Self-rated awareness of Monkeypox disease score | 0.765 | 0.661 | 0.885 | <0.001 |
Worry from Monkeypox progression into a pandemic | 1.465 | 1.275 | 1.682 | <0.001 |
Perception of Monkeypox as a severe disease | 1.263 | 1.043 | 1.529 | 0.017 |
GAD7 score | 0.987 | 0.958 | 1.017 | 0.393 |
Agreement with the application of tighter infection control measures | 1.691 | 1.294 | 2.210 | <0.001 |
High worry from international travel restrictions | 1.206 | 0.934 | 1.557 | 0.151 |
Constant | 0.056 | <0.001 |
Multivariate Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) | 95% CI | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||
Sex Male | 0.899 | 0.670 | 1.206 | 0.478 |
Age (years) | 0.993 | 0.976 | 1.010 | 0.416 |
Marital state Ever married | 0.891 | 0.629 | 1.261 | 0.515 |
Type of institution Tertiary | 1.232 | 0.934 | 1.624 | 0.140 |
Previous COVID-19 infection | 1.327 | 1.009 | 1.745 | 0.043 |
Agreement with the application of tighter infection control measures | 1.415 | 1.125 | 1.781 | 0.003 |
HHI | 1.019 | 0.931 | 1.116 | 0.682 |
Perception of need to read more about Monkeypox | 1.248 | 0.896 | 1.737 | 0.189 |
GAD7 | 1.006 | 0.977 | 1.037 | 0.673 |
Source of information | ||||
Local official statements | 2.023 | 1.515 | 2.702 | <0.001 |
International health | 1.375 | 1.031 | 1.833 | 0.030 |
Social media channels | 1.953 | 1.468 | 2.598 | <0.001 |
Constant | 0.054 | <0.001 |
Multivariate Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) | 95% CI | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||
Sex Male | 0.863 | 0.631 | 1.179 | 0.354 |
Age (years) | 0.982 | 0.964 | 1.001 | 0.060 |
Ever married | 1.365 | 0.936 | 1.991 | 0.106 |
Clinical role | 0.891 | 0.743 | 1.069 | 0.213 |
Perception to read more about Monkeypox | 3.157 | 2.268 | 4.393 | <0.001 |
GAD7 | 1.012 | 0.978 | 1.048 | 0.490 |
Source of information | ||||
International health websites | 1.242 | 0.900 | 1.712 | 0.187 |
Social media/networks channels | 1.353 | 1.005 | 1.820 | 0.046 |
Science journals | 0.656 | 0.456 | 0.943 | 0.023 |
More worried about Monkeypox compared to COVID-19 | 2.067 | 1.469 | 2.908 | <0.001 |
Worry level from international travel restrictions | 1.568 | 1.184 | 2.078 | 0.002 |
Household size ≥ 4 persons | 1.230 | 1.031 | 1.466 | 0.021 |
Worry Monkeypox progresses into a pandemic | 0.813 | 0.703 | 0.941 | 0.006 |
Perception of Monkeypox as a severe disease | 1.316 | 1.072 | 1.617 | 0.009 |
Constant | 0.120 | 0.002 |
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Aljamaan, F.; Alenezi, S.; Alhasan, K.; Saddik, B.; Alhaboob, A.; Altawil, E.S.; Alshahrani, F.; Alrabiaah, A.; Alaraj, A.; Alkriadees, K.; et al. Healthcare Workers’ Worries and Monkeypox Vaccine Advocacy during the First Month of the WHO Monkeypox Alert: Cross-Sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1408. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091408
Aljamaan F, Alenezi S, Alhasan K, Saddik B, Alhaboob A, Altawil ES, Alshahrani F, Alrabiaah A, Alaraj A, Alkriadees K, et al. Healthcare Workers’ Worries and Monkeypox Vaccine Advocacy during the First Month of the WHO Monkeypox Alert: Cross-Sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia. Vaccines. 2022; 10(9):1408. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091408
Chicago/Turabian StyleAljamaan, Fadi, Shuliweeh Alenezi, Khalid Alhasan, Basema Saddik, Ali Alhaboob, Esraa S. Altawil, Fatimah Alshahrani, Abdulkarim Alrabiaah, Ali Alaraj, Khaled Alkriadees, and et al. 2022. "Healthcare Workers’ Worries and Monkeypox Vaccine Advocacy during the First Month of the WHO Monkeypox Alert: Cross-Sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia" Vaccines 10, no. 9: 1408. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091408
APA StyleAljamaan, F., Alenezi, S., Alhasan, K., Saddik, B., Alhaboob, A., Altawil, E. S., Alshahrani, F., Alrabiaah, A., Alaraj, A., Alkriadees, K., Alshamlani, Y., Alharbi, H., Jamal, A., Halwani, R., AlZamil, F., Al-Subaie, S., Barry, M., Memish, Z. A., Al-Tawfiq, J. A., & Temsah, M.-H. (2022). Healthcare Workers’ Worries and Monkeypox Vaccine Advocacy during the First Month of the WHO Monkeypox Alert: Cross-Sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia. Vaccines, 10(9), 1408. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091408