Cautious Sexual Attitudes Diminish Intent to Vaccinate Children against HPV in Utah
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Survey of Utah Residents
2.2. Survey Description
2.3. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling
2.4. Univariate Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics of Survey Respondents
3.2. Confirmatory Factor Analysis
3.3. Structural Equation Modeling
3.4. Univariate Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. General Attitudes toward Vaccines Are Predictive of Intent to Vaccinate
4.2. High Religious Practice Negatively Impacts Intent to Vaccinate by Influencing Sexual Attitudes
4.3. Knowledge about HPV Increases Intent to Vaccinate, and Sex Education Can Increase HPV Knowledge
4.4. HPV Vaccination Is Viewed Positively in Our Sample Population
4.5. Trust in Health Guidelines Increases Intent to Vaccinate
4.6. Belief That Vaccination Protects against HPV-Induced Cancer Increases Intent to Vaccinate
4.7. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Range | Number | Percent of Total Responses |
---|---|---|
Number of Children | n = 365 | |
1 | 134 | 36.7% |
2 | 116 | 31.8% |
3 | 64 | 17.5% |
4 | 33 | 9.0% |
More than 4 | 18 | 4.9% |
Age | n = 365 | |
18–25 | 23 | 6.3% |
26–35 | 144 | 39.5% |
36–45 | 155 | 42.5% |
46–55 | 33 | 9.0% |
Over 55 | 10 | 2.7% |
Gender | n = 363 | |
Male | 113 | 31.1% |
Female | 250 | 68.9% |
Ethnicity | n = 365 | |
American Indian or Alaskan native | 2 | 0.55% |
Asian | 10 | 2.74% |
Black or African American | 3 | 0.82% |
Latino or Hispanic | 30 | 8.22% |
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian | 8 | 2.19% |
White | 303 | 83.01% |
Two or More | 5 | 1.37% |
Other/Unknown | 2 | 0.55% |
I prefer not to answer | 2 | 0.55% |
Marital Status | n = 364 | |
Single | 46 | 12.64% |
Married | 249 | 68.41% |
Partnered (non-married) | 27 | 7.42% |
Divorced | 33 | 9.07% |
Widow/Widower | 6 | 1.65% |
Other | 3 | 0.82% |
Education | n = 365 | |
Have not completed High School | 9 | 2.47% |
Finished High School | 92 | 25.48% |
Some College | 100 | 27.40% |
Associates degree | 41 | 11.23% |
Bachelors degree | 84 | 23.01% |
Post-baccalaureate/professional degree | 38 | 10.41% |
Yearly Household Income | n = 364 | |
Less than $25,000 | 46 | 12.64% |
$25,000–$50,000 | 97 | 26.65% |
$50,000–$100,000 | 157 | 43.13% |
$100,000–$150,000 | 48 | 13.19% |
$150,000–$200,000 | 15 | 4.12% |
More than $200,000 | 1 | 0.27% |
Political affiliation | n = 364 | |
Democrat | 69 | 19.0% |
Republican | 137 | 37.6% |
No political affiliation | 122 | 33.5% |
I prefer not to answer | 27 | 7.4% |
Other | 9 | 2.5% |
Political leanings on social issues | n = 365 | |
Very Liberal | 25 | 6.8% |
Liberal | 29 | 7.9% |
Somewhat Liberal | 37 | 10.1% |
Neither Liberal nor Conservative | 134 | 36.7% |
Somewhat Conservative | 61 | 16.7% |
Conservative | 54 | 14.8% |
Strongly Conservative | 25 | 6.8% |
Religious Affiliation | n = 364 | |
Buddhism | 2 | 0.82% |
Christianity | 211 | 57.81% |
Hinduism | 3 | 0.82% |
Islam | 1 | 0.27% |
Judaism | 3 | 0.82% |
Other | 43 | 11.78% |
No Religious Affiliation | 101 | 27.67% |
Model (Latent Variables) | TLI | CFI | RMSEA | SRMR | χ2 | Chi-Square Test df | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Combined model | 0.886 | 0.900 | 0.057 | 0.076 | 887.029 | 408 | <0.001 |
Model (Latent Variables) | TLI | CFI | RMSEA | SRMR | χ2 | Chi-Square Test df | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Combined model | 0.885 | 0.902 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 1013.133 | 528 | <0.001 |
Model A | 0.916 | 0.929 | 0.070 | 0.062 | 398.635 | 143 | <0.001 |
Model B | 0.928 | 0.943 | 0.071 | 0.055 | 268.436 | 95 | <0.001 |
# | Text | PCC | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
4.1.7 | I trust in public health guidelines provided by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) | 0.31 | <0.0001 |
8.2 | Sexual education is a necessary part of school curriculum | 0.31 | <0.0001 |
9.1.4 | The HPV vaccine is effective at preventing almost all cancers caused by HPV | 0.29 | <0.0001 |
10.1.1 | Vaccines are more helpful than harmful | 0.30 | <0.0001 |
10.1.4 | Vaccines are extensively tested to ensure their safety | 0.38 | <0.0001 |
10.1.5 | Vaccines contain dangerous toxins | −0.31 | <0.0001 |
10.1.7 | Vaccination efforts have considerably reduced the transmission of infectious diseases in the United States | 0.30 | <0.0001 |
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Redd, D.S.; Jensen, J.L.; Bodily, R.J.; Lee, A.A.; Skyles, T.J.; Poole, B.D. Cautious Sexual Attitudes Diminish Intent to Vaccinate Children against HPV in Utah. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091382
Redd DS, Jensen JL, Bodily RJ, Lee AA, Skyles TJ, Poole BD. Cautious Sexual Attitudes Diminish Intent to Vaccinate Children against HPV in Utah. Vaccines. 2022; 10(9):1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091382
Chicago/Turabian StyleRedd, David S., Jamie L. Jensen, Ruth J. Bodily, Abigail A. Lee, Ty J. Skyles, and Brian D. Poole. 2022. "Cautious Sexual Attitudes Diminish Intent to Vaccinate Children against HPV in Utah" Vaccines 10, no. 9: 1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091382
APA StyleRedd, D. S., Jensen, J. L., Bodily, R. J., Lee, A. A., Skyles, T. J., & Poole, B. D. (2022). Cautious Sexual Attitudes Diminish Intent to Vaccinate Children against HPV in Utah. Vaccines, 10(9), 1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091382