Acceptance of Booster COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Association with Components of Vaccination Readiness in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey for Starting Booster Dose in Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Survey Participants and Data Collection
2.2. Measurement Method
2.2.1. Sociodemographic Factors, COVID-19 Incidence, and Adverse Events in Priming
2.2.2. COVID-19 Vaccine History and Intention to Be Vaccinated with a Booster Dose
2.2.3. 7C Vaccination Readiness Scale
2.2.4. Vaccine Social Norms
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Booster Dose Vaccination Intention
4.2. Suitability of 7C Vaccination Readiness Scale for General Japanese Population
4.3. COVID-19 Vaccination Issue in the General Population
4.4. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n | (%) | |
---|---|---|
Strongly agree | 2317 | 37.5 |
Agree | 2515 | 40.8 |
Neither or not | 925 | 15.0 |
Disagree | 289 | 4.7 |
Strongly disagree | 126 | 2.0 |
n | Acceptance n = 4832 n (%) | Not Sure n = 925 n (%) | Hesitancy n = 415 n (%) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 2890 | 2319 (80.2) | 386 (13.4) | 185 (6.4) | 0.001 |
Female | 3282 | 2513 (76.6) | 539 (16.4) | 230 (7.0) | ||
Age | (Mean: years old) | 52.5 | 43.2 | 42.6 | <0.001 | |
20–29 | 791 | 521 (65.9) | 180 (22.8) | 90 (11.4) | <0.001 | |
30–39 | 1054 | 688 (65.3) | 254 (24.1) | 112 (10.6) | ||
40–49 | 1133 | 828 (73.1) | 211 (18.6) | 94 (8.3) | ||
50–59 | 1151 | 957 (83.2) | 137 (11.9) | 57 (5.0) | ||
60–69 | 1018 | 903 (88.7) | 81 (8.0) | 34 (3.3) | ||
70–79 | 1025 | 935 (91.2) | 62 (6.1) | 28 (2.7) | ||
Area | Hokkaido | 291 | 217 (74.6) | 56 (19.2) | 18 (6.2) | 0.193 |
Tohoku | 336 | 266 (79.2) | 40 (11.9) | 30 (8.9) | ||
Kanto | 2373 | 1890 (79.7) | 334 (14.1) | 149 (6.3) | ||
Chubu | 994 | 755 (76.0) | 164 (16.5) | 75 (7.6) | ||
Kinki | 1211 | 945 (78.0) | 182 (15.0) | 84 (6.9) | ||
Chugoku | 307 | 232 (75.6) | 56 (18.2) | 19 (6.2) | ||
Shikoku | 145 | 117 (80.7) | 20 (13.8) | 8 (5.5) | ||
Kyusyu | 515 | 410 (79.6) | 73 (14.2) | 32 (6.2) | ||
Married | No | 2275 | 1680 (73.9) | 402 (17.7) | 193 (8.5) | <0.001 |
Yes | 3897 | 3152 (80.9) | 523 (13.4) | 222 (5.7) | ||
Child | No | 2507 | 1822 (72.7) | 470 (18.8) | 215 (8.6) | <0.0001 |
Yes | 3665 | 3010 (82.1) | 455 (12.4) | 200 (5.5) | ||
Annual household income | <JPY 4 million | 1654 | 1312 (79.3) | 234 (14.2) | 108 (6.5) | <0.001 |
≥JPY 4 million | 3170 | 2539 (80.1) | 440 (13.9) | 191 (6.0) | ||
Unknown | 1348 | 981 (72.8) | 251 (18.6) | 116 (8.6) | ||
Educational attainment | High school graduate | 1781 | 1404 (78.8) | 251 (14.1) | 126 (7.1) | 0.389 |
Above higher education | 4391 | 3428 (78.1) | 674 (15.4) | 289 (6.6) | ||
Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 | No | 5013 | 3885 (77.5) | 773 (15.4) | 355 (7.1) | 0.005 |
Yes | 1159 | 947 (81.7) | 152 (13.1) | 60 (5.2) | ||
Underlying disease | No | 3965 | 2956 (74.6) | 698 (17.6) | 311 (7.8) | <0.001 |
Yes | 2207 | 1876 (85.0) | 227 (10.3) | 104 (4.7) | ||
Smoking | No | 5225 | 4075 (78.0) | 787 (15.1) | 363 (7.0) | 0.218 |
Yes | 947 | 757 (79.9) | 138 (14.6) | 52 (5.5) | ||
SARS-CoV-2 infection status (myself) | No | 6116 | 4790 (78.3) | 916 (15.0) | 410 (6.7) | 0.870 |
Yes | 56 | 42 (75.0) | 9 (16.1) | 5 (8.9) | ||
SARS-CoV-2 infection status (family, etc.) | No | 5396 | 4241 (78.6) | 811 (15.0) | 344 (6.4) | 0.016 |
Yes | 776 | 591 (76.2) | 114 (14.7) | 71 (9.2) | ||
SARS-CoV-2 infection status (inspection only) | No | 5344 | 4191 (78.4) | 807 (15.1) | 346 (6.5) | 0.127 |
Yes | 828 | 641 (77.4) | 118 (14.3) | 69 (8.3) | ||
If most people take a booster dose, I will do too (Social norms) | Strongly disagree | 151 | 67 (44.4) | 4 (2.7) | 80 (53.0) | <0.001 |
Disagree | 326 | 133 (40.8) | 26 (8.0) | 167 (51.2) | ||
Neither or not | 1159 | 481 (41.5) | 560 (48.3) | 118 (10.2) | ||
Agree | 2766 | 2401 (86.8) | 319 (11.5) | 46 (1.7) | ||
Strongly agree | 1770 | 1750 (98.9) | 16 (0.9) | 4 (0.2) |
Adverse Events/Yes | Acceptance n = 4832 n (%) | Not Sure n = 925 n (%) | Hesitancy n = 415 n (%) | p-Value * |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lumps at the vaccination site | 870 (18.0) | 155 (16.8) | 58 (14.0) | 0.093 |
Itching at the vaccination site | 626 (13.0) | 144 (15.6) | 64 (15.4) | 0.052 |
Pain at the vaccination site | 3210 (66.4) | 632 (68.3) | 275 (66.3) | 0.525 |
Redness at the vaccination site | 979 (20.3) | 198 (21.4) | 79 (19.0) | 0.577 |
Swelling of the inoculation site | 1517 (31.4) | 299 (32.3) | 152 (36.6) | 0.086 |
Fever | 2142 (44.3) | 517 (55.9) | 259 (62.4) | <0.001 |
Tiredness, fatigue | 2039 (42.2) | 491 (53.1) | 234 (56.4) | <0.001 |
Headache | 1036 (21.4) | 293 (31.7) | 157 (37.8) | <0.001 |
Chills | 534 (11.1) | 167 (18.1) | 97 (23.4) | <0.001 |
Vomiting | 64 (1.3) | 24 (2.6) | 17 (4.1) | <0.001 |
Diarrhea | 80 (1.7) | 19 (2.1) | 24 (5.8) | <0.001 |
Muscular pain | 1092 (22.6) | 266 (28.8) | 149 (35.9) | <0.001 |
Arthralgia | 450 (9.3) | 148 (16.0) | 87 (21.0) | <0.001 |
Anaphylactic shock | 11 (0.2) | 3 (0.3) | 5 (1.2) | 0.003 |
None | 457 (9.5) | 76 (8.2) | 30 (7.2) | 0.186 |
Crude OR | 95% CI | p-Value | Adjusted * OR | 95% CI | p-Value | Eta ** | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | 0.81 | 0.71–0.91 | 0.001 | 0.95 | 0.81–1.10 | 0.483 | 0.07 |
Age | 1.46 | 1.40–1.52 | <0.001 | 1.39 | 1.31–1.47 | <0.001 | |
Child | 1.73 | 1.53–1.95 | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.83–1.15 | 0.777 | |
Annual household income | 1.05 | 0.91–1.22 | 0.526 | 1.27 | 1.08–1.49 | 0.003 | |
Underlying disease | 1.94 | 1.69–2.22 | <0.001 | 1.30 | 1.10–1.54 | 0.003 | |
Social norms | 3.98 | 3.66–4.34 | <0.001 | 4.02 | 3.64–4.45 | <0.001 | 0.27 |
Confidence | 1.80 | 1.71–1.90 | <0.001 | 1.76 | 1.65–1.87 | <0.001 | 0.13 |
Complacency | 2.34 | 2.20–2.49 | <0.001 | 2.18 | 2.03–2.34 | <0.001 | 0.18 |
Constraints | 2.41 | 2.26–2.56 | <0.001 | 2.27 | 2.11–2.45 | <0.001 | 0.18 |
Calculation | 1.12 | 1.07–1.17 | <0.001 | 1.10 | 1.04–1.16 | 0.001 | 0.07 |
Collective responsibility | 1.83 | 1.73–1.93 | <0.001 | 1.77 | 1.65–1.90 | <0.001 | 0.13 |
Compliance | 1.25 | 1.19–1.31 | <0.001 | 1.24 | 1.18–1.31 | <0.001 | 0.08 |
Conspiracy | 1.53 | 1.45–1.62 | <0.001 | 1.42 | 1.33–1.52 | <0.001 | 0.09 |
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Tokiya, M.; Hara, M.; Matsumoto, A.; Ashenagar, M.S.; Nakano, T.; Hirota, Y. Acceptance of Booster COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Association with Components of Vaccination Readiness in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey for Starting Booster Dose in Japan. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071102
Tokiya M, Hara M, Matsumoto A, Ashenagar MS, Nakano T, Hirota Y. Acceptance of Booster COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Association with Components of Vaccination Readiness in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey for Starting Booster Dose in Japan. Vaccines. 2022; 10(7):1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071102
Chicago/Turabian StyleTokiya, Mikiko, Megumi Hara, Akiko Matsumoto, Mohammad Said Ashenagar, Takashi Nakano, and Yoshio Hirota. 2022. "Acceptance of Booster COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Association with Components of Vaccination Readiness in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey for Starting Booster Dose in Japan" Vaccines 10, no. 7: 1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071102
APA StyleTokiya, M., Hara, M., Matsumoto, A., Ashenagar, M. S., Nakano, T., & Hirota, Y. (2022). Acceptance of Booster COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Association with Components of Vaccination Readiness in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey for Starting Booster Dose in Japan. Vaccines, 10(7), 1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071102