Evaluation of Patients with Vaccine Allergies Prior to mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- (1)
- non-allergic reaction to non-polysorbate-containing vaccines (e.g., expected side effects, subjective symptoms or local injection site reactions)
- (2)
- previously tolerated polysorbate-containing vaccines, or
- (3)
- no allergies to non-COVID vaccines.
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Group A (SPT/IDT) and Group B (DI) Cohort
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics | SPT/IDT and DI Cohort n = 124 | Suspected Immediate Hypersensitivity to Polysorbate-Containing Vaccines; SPT/IDT Cohort n = 62 | Suspected Delayed Hypersensitivity to Polysorbate-Containing Vaccines; DI Cohort n = 62 | p-Values |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 52.4 (16.9) | 49.8 (16.0) | 54.9 (17.6) | p = 0.091 |
Sex (female, %) | 82 (66.1%) | 44 (71%) | 38 (61.3%) | p = 0.255 |
Race (%) | ||||
Chinese | 88 (71%) | 44 (71%) | 44 (71%) | p = 1.000 |
Malay | 9 (7.3%) | 5 (8%) | 4 (6.5%) | p = 0.729 |
Indian | 14 (11.3%) | 6 (9.7%) | 8 (12.9%) | p = 0.570 |
Others | 13 (10.5%) | 7 (11.3%) | 6 (9.7%) | p = 0.769 |
Allergic and atopic conditions | ||||
Allergic rhinitis | 24 (19.4%) | 15 (24.2%) | 9 (14.5%) | p = 0.173 |
Asthma | 17 (13.7%) | 10 (16.1%) | 7 (11.3%) | p = 0.433 |
Chronic spontaneous urticarial | 11 (8.9%) | 3 (4.8%) | 8 (12.9%) | p = 0.114 |
Food allergy | 14 (11.3%) | 6 (9.7%) | 8 (12.9%) | p = 0.570 |
Eczema | 14 (11.3%) | 7 (11.3%) | 7 (11.3%) | p = 1.000 |
Drug allergy | 49 (40%) | 25 (40.3%) | 24 (38.7%) | p = 0.854 |
Vaccine reactions | ||||
Urticaria only | 26 (21%) | 14 (22.6%) | 12 (19.4%) | p = 0.659 |
Angioedema only | 17 (13.7%) | 11 (17.7%) | 6 (9.7%) | p = 0.192 |
Cutaneous | 68 (54.8%) | 36 (58.1%) | 32 (51.6%) | p = 0.470 |
Upper airway | 3 (2.4%) | 1 (1.6%) | 2 (3.2%) | p = 0.559 |
Lower airway | 9 (7.3%) | 3 (4.8%) | 6 (9.7%) | p = 0.299 |
Cardiovascular | 6 (4.8%) | 2 (3.2%) | 4 (6.5%) | p = 0.403 |
Gastrointestinal | 3 (2.4%) | 1 (1.6%) | 2 (3.2%) | p = 0.559 |
Anaphylaxis | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.6%) | p = 1.000 * |
Unknown | 2 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.2%) | p = 0.496 * |
Polysorbate-Containing Vaccines | Number of Patients (%) |
Influenza | 54 (43.5%) |
Tetanus | 31 (25.8%) |
Hepatitis B | 6 (4.8%) |
Pneumococcal | 10 (8.1%) |
Human Papilloma Virus | 6 (4.8%) |
Tetanus, Diphtheria and Pertussis | 8 (6.5%) |
Varicella | 1 (0.80%) |
Hepatitis A | 3 (2.4%) |
Meningococcal | 1 (0.80%) |
Non-Polysorbate-Containing Vaccines | Number of Patients (%) |
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin | 3 (2.4%) |
Polio | 4 (3.2%) |
Typhoid | 3 (2.4%) |
Yellow fever | 2 (1.6%) |
Rabies | 1 (0.80%) |
Measles, Mumps, Rubella | 7 (5.6%) |
Laboratory Tests | Reference Ranges | Non-Reactors, n = 58 | Reactors, n = 9 | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-Vaccination | 1 h Post Vaccination | Pre-Vaccination | 1 h Post Vaccination | |||
Anti-BNT162b2 IgE (ng/mL) | N.A. | <0.45 (below detection limit) | N.A. | <0.45 (below detection limit) | N.A. | N.D. |
IL-4 (pg/mL) | <2 | <1 (below detection limit) | <1 (below detection limit) | <1 (below detection limit) | <1 (below detection limit) | N.D. |
IL-33 (pg/mL) | <2 | 1.69 ± 0.95 | 1.52 ± 0.86 | 1.74 ± 0.97 | 1.30 ± 0.26 | 0.925 |
C5a (ng/mL) | 47.42 ± 31.07 | 51.96 ± 27.10 | 50.88 ± 23.14 | 53.53 ± 30.58 | 48.18 ± 22.47 | 0.903 |
ICAM-1 (ng/mL) | <95 | 58.80 ± 24.76 | 55.76 ± 25.83 | 53.59 ± 17.04 | 58.35 ± 19.85 | 0.529 |
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Lim, X.R.; Tan, J.W.L.; Chan, G.Y.L.; Hou, J.; Xie, L.; Goh, V.H.L.; Boon, J.; Lee, S.S.M.; Teo, C.M.-L.; Tan, S.C.; et al. Evaluation of Patients with Vaccine Allergies Prior to mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071025
Lim XR, Tan JWL, Chan GYL, Hou J, Xie L, Goh VHL, Boon J, Lee SSM, Teo CM-L, Tan SC, et al. Evaluation of Patients with Vaccine Allergies Prior to mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines. 2022; 10(7):1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071025
Chicago/Turabian StyleLim, Xin Rong, Justina Wei Lynn Tan, Grace Yin Lai Chan, Jinfeng Hou, Linlin Xie, Vivian Hui Li Goh, Joewee Boon, Samuel Shang Ming Lee, Claire Min-Li Teo, Sze Chin Tan, and et al. 2022. "Evaluation of Patients with Vaccine Allergies Prior to mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination" Vaccines 10, no. 7: 1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071025
APA StyleLim, X. R., Tan, J. W. L., Chan, G. Y. L., Hou, J., Xie, L., Goh, V. H. L., Boon, J., Lee, S. S. M., Teo, C. M.-L., Tan, S. C., Leong, K. P., Thong, B. Y. H., & Leung, B. P. L. (2022). Evaluation of Patients with Vaccine Allergies Prior to mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines, 10(7), 1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071025