Supporting Immunization Uptake during a Pandemic, Using Remote Phone Call Intervention among Babies Discharged from a Special Neonatal Care Unit (SNCU) in South India
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Sites
2.2. Study Participants
2.3. Study Procedures
3. Findings
3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics
3.2. Immunization Coverage
3.3. Post Call Change in Immunization Uptake
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reason | Population Size (N) | Sample Size (n) | % |
---|---|---|---|
List of Families Obtained from the Hospital | 3115 | ||
Excluded from the study | 3115 | 802 | 25.7% |
Baby/mother died before discharge | 802 | 173 | 21.5% |
Baby/mother died after discharge | 802 | 91 | 11.3% |
Invalid/wrong number | 802 | 197 | 24.5% |
Switched off phones | 802 | 332 | 41.4% |
Data enumerator spoke a different language | 802 | 9 | 1.1% |
Included in the Study | 3115 | 2313 | 74.3% |
Included in the study and survey complete | 2313 | 2097 | 90.6% |
Included in the study but survey not complete | 2313 | 216 | 9.3% |
• Not available | 216 | 71 | 32.8% |
• Not picked up or answered the call | 216 | 61 | 28.2% |
• The family refused to participate | 216 | 51 | 23.6% |
• Baby not yet discharged | 216 | 18 | 8.3% |
• Other reasons * | 216 | 15 | 6.9% |
Variables | n | % |
---|---|---|
State-wise Respondents | ||
Andhra Pradesh | 948 | 45.2% |
Karnataka | 732 | 34.9% |
Telangana | 417 | 19.9% |
Respondents | ||
Mother | 1849 | 88.2% |
Father | 128 | 6.1% |
Other | 120 | 5.7% |
Education Level | ||
No education | 399 | 19.0% |
No formal education but can read and write | 23 | 1.1% |
Up to 5th standard | 126 | 6.0% |
6th to 10th standard | 785 | 37.4% |
11th standard to degree/diploma | 575 | 27.4% |
Graduate | 137 | 6.5% |
Post-graduate | 52 | 2.5% |
Owns BPL * Card | 1415 | 67.5% |
Received Vaccination Card | 1996 | 95.2% |
Received and accessible at home | 1922 | 96.3% |
Received but not accessible | 74 | 3.7% |
Did not receive | 101 | 4.8% |
Reasons | Initial Call (N = 716) | 1st Follow-Up Call (N = 292) | 2nd Follow-Up Call (N = 160) |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Health-related | 459 (64.1) | 118 (40.4) | 66 (41.3) |
Underweight | 211 (29.5) | 81 (27.7) | 45 (28.1) |
Child ill and not brought to the facility | 106 (14.8) | 36 (12.3) | 18 (11.3) |
Doctors not recommended | 62 (8.7) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.9) |
Baby born prematurely | 39 (5.4) | none | None |
Child ill, brought but not given vaccines | 34 (4.7) | none | None |
Delay in previous vaccination | 7 (1) | none | None |
Probable COVID-19 pandemic effects | 239 (33.4) | 99 (33.9) | 59 (36.9) |
Lockdown | 86 (12.0) | 57 (19.5) | 29 (18.1) |
Transportation problem | 60 (8.4) | none | None |
Insufficient staff (ASHA/ANMs) | 29 (4.1) | 40 (13.7) | 30 (18.8) |
Fear of coronavirus affecting the child | 24 (3.4) | none | None |
Not knowing time/place for vaccination | 20 (2.8) | none | None |
Insufficient vaccines | 11 (1.5) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (1.3) |
ASHA/ANM having COVID-19 | 4 (0.6) | none | None |
Long wait | 3 (0.4) | none | None |
Insufficient number of babies | 2 (0.3) | none | None |
Lack of awareness/support | 120 (16.8) | 63 (21.6) | 27 (16.9) |
Lack of awareness about vaccine | 43 (6) | 27 (9.2) | 11 (6.9) |
Community worker/ANM did not inform | 42 (5.9) | 36 (12.3) | None |
Lack of awareness about schedule | 25 (5.7) | none | 15 (9.4) |
Fear/rumours about side effects/no faith | 10 (1.4) | none | None |
Logistical Reasons* | 32 (4.5) | none | None |
Other Reasons† | 6 (0.8) | 12 | 8 (5.0) |
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Murthy, S.; Sawant, M.; Doreswamy, S.S.; Chandra Pothula, S.; Yan, S.D.; Singh Pathani, T.; Thakur, D.; Rajarama Sastry Vemuri, S.; Upadhyaya, S.; Alam, S.; et al. Supporting Immunization Uptake during a Pandemic, Using Remote Phone Call Intervention among Babies Discharged from a Special Neonatal Care Unit (SNCU) in South India. Vaccines 2022, 10, 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040507
Murthy S, Sawant M, Doreswamy SS, Chandra Pothula S, Yan SD, Singh Pathani T, Thakur D, Rajarama Sastry Vemuri S, Upadhyaya S, Alam S, et al. Supporting Immunization Uptake during a Pandemic, Using Remote Phone Call Intervention among Babies Discharged from a Special Neonatal Care Unit (SNCU) in South India. Vaccines. 2022; 10(4):507. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040507
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurthy, Seema, Meenal Sawant, Sahana Sadholalu Doreswamy, Sateesh Chandra Pothula, Shirley Du Yan, Tanmay Singh Pathani, Deepali Thakur, Srikrishna Rajarama Sastry Vemuri, Sanjeev Upadhyaya, Shahed Alam, and et al. 2022. "Supporting Immunization Uptake during a Pandemic, Using Remote Phone Call Intervention among Babies Discharged from a Special Neonatal Care Unit (SNCU) in South India" Vaccines 10, no. 4: 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040507
APA StyleMurthy, S., Sawant, M., Doreswamy, S. S., Chandra Pothula, S., Yan, S. D., Singh Pathani, T., Thakur, D., Rajarama Sastry Vemuri, S., Upadhyaya, S., Alam, S., Alimelu, M., & Singh, H. (2022). Supporting Immunization Uptake during a Pandemic, Using Remote Phone Call Intervention among Babies Discharged from a Special Neonatal Care Unit (SNCU) in South India. Vaccines, 10(4), 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040507