Efficacy of a Smartphone Application to Promote Maternal Influenza Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Study Procedure
- (1)
- Pre-test stage
- (2)
- Post-test stage
2.3. Development of Influenza Vaccination Reminder Application
- (1)
- Reminder function (Home page)
- (2)
- Knowledge base function
- (3)
- Calendar function
- (4)
- Vaccination feedback function
2.4. Measurement of Characteristics and Outcomes
- (1)
- Knowledge scale about influenza and its vaccine
- (2)
- Attitude scale towards maternal influenza vaccination
- (3)
- Influenza vaccination intention survey
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics
3.2. Knowledge about Influenza and Its Vaccine
3.3. Attitudes towards Maternal Influenza Vaccination
3.4. Influenza Vaccination Intention
3.5. Effect of the Intervention on Positive Change in Vaccination Intention
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Study Limitations
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sociodemographic Variables | All (n = 243) | Experimental Group (n = 126) | Control Group (n = 117) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | χ2 a | p | |
Age group | 0.35 | 0.56 | |||
<34 years | 150 (61.73) | 80 (63.49) | 70 (59.83) | ||
≥34 years | 93 (38.27) | 46 (36.51) | 47 (40.17) | ||
Trimester of pregnancy | 6.04 | 0.05 | |||
1st trimester | 34 (13.99) | 20 (15.87) | 14 (11.97) | ||
2nd trimester | 81 (33.33) | 33 (26.19) | 48 (41.03) | ||
3rd trimester | 128 (52.68) | 73 (57.94) | 55 (47.00) | ||
Marital status | 0.17 | 0.68 | |||
Unmarried | 15 (6.17) | 7 (5.56) | 8 (6.84) | ||
Married | 228 (93.83) | 119 (94.44) | 109 (93.16) | ||
Highest education | 2.87 | 0.09 | |||
≤High school | 55 (22.63) | 23 (18.25) | 32 (27.35) | ||
≥Junior college | 188 (77.37) | 103 (81.75) | 85 (72.65) | ||
Employment status | 0.03 | 0.86 | |||
Unemployed | 51 (20.99) | 27 (21.43) | 24 (20.51) | ||
Employed | 192 (79.01) | 99 (78.57) | 93 (79.49) | ||
History of illness | 3.25 | 0.07 | |||
No | 215 (88.48) | 107 (84.92) | 108 (92.31) | ||
Yes | 28 (11.52) | 19 (15.08) | 9 (7.69) | ||
Gestational complication | 0.21 | 0.65 | |||
No | 231 (95.06) | 119 (94.44) | 112 (95.73) | ||
Yes | 12 (4.94) | 7 (5.56) | 5 (4.27) |
Post-Test | Experimental Group (n = 126) | Control Group (n = 117) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-Test | With Intention (%) a | Without Intention (%) a | Total (%) a | pb | With Intention (%) c | Without Intention (%) c | Total (%) c | pb | |
With | 44 | 2 | 46 | <0.01 | 32 | 4 | 36 | 0.27 | |
intention | (34.92) | (1.59) | (36.51) | (27.35) | (3.42) | (30.77) | |||
Without | 22 | 58 | 80 | 9 | 72 | 81 | |||
intention | (17.46) | (46.03) | (63.49) | (7.69) | (61.54) | (69.23) | |||
Total | 66 | 60 | 126 | 41 | 76 | 117 | |||
(52.38) | (47.62) | (35.04) | (64.96) |
Experimental Group (n = 126) | Control Group (n = 117) | pa | Odds Ratio b | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-test, n (% c) | 46 (36.51) | 36 (30.77) | 0.34 | |
Post-test, n (% c) | 66 (52.38) | 41 (35.04) | 0.01 | |
pd | <0.01 | 0.27 | 1.58 |
Predictive Variables | n | Unadjusted Odds Ratio | Adjusted Odds Ratio | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p | aOR | 95% CI | p | ||
Group | ---- | ---- | |||||
Control group | 117 | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
Experimental group | 126 | 2.54 | 1.12~5.77 | 0.03 | 2.41 | 1.04~5.55 | 0.03 |
Pre-test total knowledge score | 0.32 | 0.43 | |||||
≥15 | 113 | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
8~14 | 112 | 0.50 | 0.06~4.06 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.05~3.90 | 0.47 |
≤7 | 18 | 1.61 | 0.74~3.53 | 0.23 | 1.44 | 0.64~3.22 | 0.38 |
Pre-test total attitude score | 0.10 | 0.11 | |||||
≥120 | 17 | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
88~119 | 181 | 4.57 | 0.54~38.82 | 0.16 | 4.28 | 0.48~38.11 | 0.19 |
≤87 | 45 | 1.99 | 0.25~15.80 | 0.52 | 1.78 | 0.22~14.62 | 0.59 |
Omnibus test | χ2 | df | p | ||||
11.63 | 5 | 0.04 | |||||
Hosmer & Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test | χ2 | df | p | ||||
3.97 | 7 | 0.78 |
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Chang, Y.-W.; Tsai, S.-M.; Lin, P.-C.; Chou, F.-H. Efficacy of a Smartphone Application to Promote Maternal Influenza Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Vaccines 2022, 10, 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030369
Chang Y-W, Tsai S-M, Lin P-C, Chou F-H. Efficacy of a Smartphone Application to Promote Maternal Influenza Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Vaccines. 2022; 10(3):369. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030369
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Ya-Wen, Shiow-Meei Tsai, Pao-Chen Lin, and Fan-Hao Chou. 2022. "Efficacy of a Smartphone Application to Promote Maternal Influenza Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial" Vaccines 10, no. 3: 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030369