Humoral and Cellular Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Naïve and -Recovered Korean Individuals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Study Design
2.2. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.3. Pseudotyped Virus Neutralization Test (pVNT)
2.4. Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISpot) Assay
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Immune Responses in SARS-CoV-2-Recovered Individuals
3.2. Immune Responses in SARS-CoV-2-Naïve Individuals
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed consent statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Categories | Unvaccinated Group | 1-Dose-Vaccinated Group |
---|---|---|
Number | 17 | 18 |
Age (range) | 53.3 (34–70) | 56.4 (40–71) |
Sex | ||
Female | 15 | 16 |
Male | 2 | 2 |
Visit (Mean days after ISO 1) | ||
Visit 1 | 143.9 ± 40.8 | 146.6 ± 42.6 |
Visit 2 | 226.4 ± 41.2 | 227.6 ± 41.6 |
Visit 3 | 331.9 ± 51.3 | 358.7 ± 62.3 |
Visit 4 | 495.7 ± 54.8 | 526.7 ± 65.7 |
Mean days after ISO at vaccination (range) | NA 2 | 497.9 (311–594) |
Mean number of days after vaccination at time of blood collection (range) | NA | 30.7 (9–66) |
Visit | SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG ELISA (Ratio) | pVNT (pVNT50) | IFN-γ ELISpot (SFCs/2.5 × 105 Cells) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unvaccinated (n = 17) | Vaccinated (n = 18) | Unvaccinated (n = 17) | Vaccinated (n = 18) | Unvaccinated (n = 17) | Vaccinated (n = 18) | |
V1 | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 4.6 ± 2.5 | 131 ± 124 | 97 ± 133 | 39.9 ± 49.5 | 87.9 ± 188.1 |
V2 | 3.6 ± 1.5 | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 100 ± 98 | 52 ± 46 | 26.7 ± 21.0 | 57.8 ± 101.0 |
V3 | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 86 ± 84 | 106 ± 235 | 27.2 ± 42.6 | 31.6 ± 38.6 |
V4 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | 11.2 ± 1.0 | 77 ± 95 | 3333 ± 2322 | 23.8 ± 27.6 | 46.0 ± 44.3 |
Measurements | 1 Dose (n = 18) | 2 Dose (n = 17) |
---|---|---|
SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG ELISA (Ratio) | 11.2 ± 1.0 | 12.4 ± 1.4 |
pVNT (pVNT50) | 3333 ± 2322 | 2914 ± 2591 |
IFN-γ ELISpot (SFCs/2.5 × 105 cells) | 46.0 ± 44.3 | 26.1 ± 32.8 |
Characters | Vaccine Type | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ad26.CoV2.S | ChAdOX1 | ChAdOX1/BNT162b2 | BNT162b2 | mRNA-1273 | Total | |
Number | 10 | 13 | 6 | 22 | 11 | 62 |
Age | 34.4 (29–39) | 61.4 (58–63) | 41.3 (29–48) | 40.4 (25–58) | 28.5 (24–57) | 41.8 (24–63) |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 0 | 7 | 1 | 19 | 3 | 30 |
Male | 10 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 32 |
Days post-vaccination at time of blood collection | 33 (29–34) | 33 (28–35) | 31 (30–33) | 32 (26–36) | 30 (28–34) | 32 (26–36) |
Vaccines | SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG ELISA (Ratio) | pVNT (pVNT50) | IFN-γ ELISpot (SFC/2.5 × 105 Cells) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
Ad26.COV2.S | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 10 | 31 ± 56 | 7.4 ± 9.1 | 9.8 ± 14.5 |
ChAdOx1 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 5.6 ± 2.7 | 10 | 96 ± 90 | 8.0 ± 8.9 | 11.2 ± 17.2 |
ChAdOx1/ BNT162b2 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 8.0 ± 1.3 | 10 | 206 ± 111 | 10.9 ± 5.8 | 75.2 ± 85.8 |
BNT162b2 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 10.2 ± 1.2 | 10 | 355 ± 384 | 5.3 ± 6.4 | 15.9 ± 18.7 |
mRNA-1273 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 11.3 ± 1.0 | 10 | 406 ± 200 | 6.5 ± 6.6 | 18.9 ± 27.4 |
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Hwang, J.-Y.; Kim, Y.; Lee, K.-M.; Jang, E.-J.; Woo, C.-H.; Hong, C.-U.; Choi, S.-T.; Xayaheuang, S.; Jang, J.-G.; Ahn, J.-H.; et al. Humoral and Cellular Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Naïve and -Recovered Korean Individuals. Vaccines 2022, 10, 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020332
Hwang J-Y, Kim Y, Lee K-M, Jang E-J, Woo C-H, Hong C-U, Choi S-T, Xayaheuang S, Jang J-G, Ahn J-H, et al. Humoral and Cellular Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Naïve and -Recovered Korean Individuals. Vaccines. 2022; 10(2):332. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020332
Chicago/Turabian StyleHwang, Ji-Young, Yunhwa Kim, Kyung-Min Lee, Eun-Jeong Jang, Chang-Hoon Woo, Chang-Ui Hong, Seok-Tae Choi, Sivilay Xayaheuang, Jong-Geol Jang, June-Hong Ahn, and et al. 2022. "Humoral and Cellular Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Naïve and -Recovered Korean Individuals" Vaccines 10, no. 2: 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020332