COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Associated Factors among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Variables
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Not Willing to Accept COVID-19 Vaccination n = 538 59.12% | Willing to Accept COVID-19 Vaccination n = 372 40.88% | Total (%) n = 910 | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | ||||
Age (years) | |||||||
18 to 29 | 134 | 24.91 | 136 | 36.56 | 270 | 29.67 | <0.001 *** |
30 to 39 | 187 | 34.76 | 105 | 28.23 | 292 | 32.09 | |
40 to 49 | 98 | 18.22 | 65 | 17.47 | 163 | 17.91 | |
50 to 59 | 74 | 13.75 | 43 | 11.56 | 117 | 12.86 | |
≥60 | 45 | 8.36 | 23 | 6.18 | 68 | 7.47 | |
Marital status | |||||||
Unmarried | 184 | 34.20 | 172 | 46.24 | 356 | 39.12 | <0.001 *** |
Married | 354 | 65.80 | 200 | 53.76 | 554 | 60.88 | |
Educational level | |||||||
High school or below | 101 | 18.77 | 120 | 32.26 | 221 | 24.29 | <0.001 *** |
Bachelor’s degree | 271 | 50.37 | 185 | 49.73 | 456 | 50.11 | |
Postgraduate degree | 166 | 30.86 | 67 | 18.01 | 233 | 25.60 | |
Employment status | |||||||
Government employee | 194 | 36.06 | 110 | 29.57 | 304 | 33.41 | <0.001 *** |
Private sector employee | 44 | 8.18 | 26 | 6.99 | 70 | 7.69 | |
Self-employed | 20 | 3.72 | 9 | 2.42 | 29 | 3.19 | |
Student | 53 | 9.85 | 94 | 25.27 | 147 | 16.15 | |
Retired | 57 | 10.59 | 22 | 5.91 | 79 | 8.68 | |
Unemployed | 170 | 31.60 | 111 | 29.84 | 281 | 30.88 | |
Suffer from chronic disease | |||||||
No | 418 | 77.70 | 286 | 76.88 | 704 | 77.36 | 0.773 |
Yes | 120 | 22.30 | 86 | 23.12 | 206 | 22.64 | |
Received flu vaccine in past | |||||||
No | 306 | 56.88 | 156 | 41.94 | 462 | 50.77 | <0.001 *** |
Yes | 232 | 43.12 | 216 | 58.06 | 448 | 49.23 | |
Refused vaccination in past | |||||||
No | 324 | 60.22 | 341 | 91.67 | 665 | 73.08 | <0.001 *** |
Yes | 214 | 39.78 | 31 | 8.33 | 245 | 26.92 | |
Family member(s) infected with COVID-19 | |||||||
No | 304 | 56.51 | 223 | 59.95 | 527 | 57.91 | 0.301 |
Yes | 234 | 43.49 | 149 | 40.05 | 383 | 42.09 | |
Friend(s) infected with COVID-19 | |||||||
No | 78 | 14.50 | 45 | 12.10 | 123 | 13.52 | 0.298 |
Yes | 460 | 85.50 | 327 | 87.90 | 787 | 86.48 | |
Lost family member or friend due to complications from COVID-19 | |||||||
No | 410 | 76.21 | 262 | 70.43 | 672 | 73.85 | 0.051 * |
Yes | 128 | 23.79 | 110 | 29.57 | 238 | 26.15 | |
Perceived risk of COVID-19 | |||||||
Minor or no risk | 144 | 26.77 | 47 | 12.63 | 191 | 20.99 | <0.001 *** |
Moderate risk | 203 | 37.73 | 117 | 31.45 | 320 | 35.16 | |
Significant or major risk | 191 | 35.50 | 208 | 55.91 | 399 | 43.85 | |
Concerned about becoming infected with COVID-19 | |||||||
Low or very low | 271 | 50.37 | 104 | 27.96 | 375 | 41.21 | <0.001 *** |
Fair | 153 | 28.44 | 134 | 36.02 | 287 | 31.54 | |
High or very high | 114 | 21.19 | 134 | 36.02 | 248 | 27.25 | |
COVID-19 vaccine should be compulsory for all citizens and residents | |||||||
No | 521 | 96.84 | 115 | 30.91 | 636 | 69.89 | <0.001 *** |
Yes | 17 | 3.16 | 257 | 69.09 | 274 | 30.11 |
Variable | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | |||
18 to 29 (ref) | |||
30 to 39 | 1.259 | 0.625–2.534 | 0.519 |
40 to 49 | 2.209 | 1.019–4.789 | 0.045 ** |
50 to 59 | 1.474 | 0.611–3.559 | 0.388 |
≥60 | 2.129 | 0.752–6.027 | 0.155 |
Marital status | |||
Unmarried (ref) | |||
Married | 0.817 | 0.500–1.336 | 0.421 |
Educational level | |||
High school or below (ref) | |||
Bachelor’s degree | 0.654 | 0.392–1.093 | 0.105 |
Postgraduate degree | 0.431 | 0.220–0.847 | 0.015 ** |
Employment status | |||
Government employee (ref) | |||
Private sector employee | 0.885 | 0.375–2.088 | 0.780 |
Self-employed | 0.887 | 0.224–3.506 | 0.864 |
Student | 2.285 | 0.990–5.274 | 0.053 * |
Retired | 0.548 | 0.206–1.453 | 0.226 |
Unemployed | 1.056 | 0.582–1.916 | 0.858 |
Suffer from chronic disease | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 0.838 | 0.501–1.403 | 0.502 |
Received flu vaccine in past | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 1.016 | 0.671–1.538 | 0.942 |
Refused vaccination in past | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 0.152 | 0.083–0.275 | <0.001 *** |
Family member(s) infected with COVID-19 | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 1.318 | 0.852–2.040 | 0.215 |
Friend(s) infected with COVID-19 | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 1.110 | 0.478–1.665 | 0.719 |
Lost family member or friend due to complications from COVID-19 | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 1.167 | 0.723–1.883 | 0.527 |
Perceived risk of COVID-19 | |||
Minor or no risk (ref) | |||
Moderate risk | 1.047 | 0.566–1.939 | 0.883 |
Significant or major risk | 1.266 | 0.679–2.363 | 0.458 |
Concerned about becoming infected with COVID-19 | |||
Low or very low (ref) | |||
Fair | 2.570 | 1.562–4.228 | <0.001 *** |
High or very high | 1.925 | 1.093–3.390 | 0.023 ** |
COVID-19 vaccine should be compulsory for all citizens and residents | |||
No (ref) | |||
Yes | 64.916 | 35.911–117.351 | <0.001 *** |
Reason | N | % |
---|---|---|
Fear of adverse side effects | 160 | 29.74 |
Safety and efficacy concerns | 113 | 21.00 |
The speed of making the vaccine | 23 | 4.28 |
The short duration of clinical trials | 73 | 13.57 |
Personal preference to not get vaccinated | 46 | 8.55 |
Belief that the vaccine is a plot | 40 | 7.43 |
Belief that the virus does not exist | 7 | 1.30 |
Belief that masks and sanitizers are sufficient for protection | 32 | 5.95 |
Other | 44 | 8.18 |
Total | 538 | 100 |
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Alshareef, N. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Associated Factors among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111842
Alshareef N. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Associated Factors among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines. 2022; 10(11):1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111842
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlshareef, Noor. 2022. "COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Associated Factors among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study" Vaccines 10, no. 11: 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111842
APA StyleAlshareef, N. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Associated Factors among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines, 10(11), 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111842