How to Improve the Antioxidant Defense in Asphyxiated Newborns—Lessons from Animal Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Animal Models of Neonatal Hypoxia/Ischemia
3. Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Changes of Oxidative Status in the Brain
4. Therapeutic Hypothermia—Impact on Oxidative Homeostasis under Hypoxic/IschemicConditions
5. DFO—A PromisingAgent in Hypoxic/Ischemic Encephalopathy Therapy?
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barata et al., 2019 | male piglets; one-day-old | No data | Oxygen decreased to 10% for 25 min. | Normothermia: 37.5–38.5 °C (rectal) Hypothermia: 34–34.5 °C (rectal) | ↑ oxidative stress after H/I; ↓ protein carbonyl levels (markers of oxidative stress) after the combination of cannabidiol and hypothermia |
Dalen et al., 2010 | Noroc (LYxLD) pigs; newborn (25 ± 4.8 h of age) | 52, weight: 1980 ± 106 g, | Oxygen decreased to 8% for 61 min. | Normothermia: 39 °C (rectal) Hypothermia: 35 °C (rectal) | ↑ oxidative stress after hypoxia; ↓ expression of genes of DNA repair after hypothermia, with no effect on accumulation of oxidative damage in genomic DNA |
Huang et al., 2019 | C57BL/6J mice; post-natal day 7 | no data | Oxygen decreased to 8% for 30 min | Normothermia: 36 °C (rectal) Hypothermia: 33 °C (rectal) | ↓ ROS and NO as a result of hypothermia ↓ MDA, ROS and NO after hypothermia combined with crocin |
Huun et al., 2018a | Noroc (LyxLD) pigs; newborn (12–36 h of age) | 55 | Oxygen decreased to 8% for 20 min | Normothermia: 38.5–39.5 °C (rectal) Hypothermia: 34.5 °C (rectal) | ↓ oxidative stress markers: 8-iso-PGF2α (in urine) after hypoxia and hypothermia |
Huun et al., 2018b | Noroc (LyxLD) pigs; newborn (12–36 h of age) | 81 | Oxygen decreased to 8% for 20 min | Normothermia: 39 °C (rectal) Hypothermia: 34.5 °C (rectal) | ↓ oxidative stress markers: F4-NeuroPs, F2-IsoPs, DH-isoprostanes (in the white matter) after hypoxia and hypothermia |
Kletkiewicz et al., 2016a | Wistar rats; two-days-old | 108, both sexes, weight: 7–8 g | 100% nitrogen atmosphere for 10 min | Normothermia for newborn rat: 33 °C (rectal) Hyperthermia: 37–39 °C (rectal) | ↑ lipid peroxidation ↓ antioxidant enzymes activity after perinatal anoxia at elevated body temperatures, however there was no decrease in enzymes activity in the group with body temperature of 33°C |
Kletkiewicz et al., 2016b | Wistar rats; two-days-old | 180, both sexes, weight: 7–8 g | 100% nitrogen atmosphere for 10 min | Normothermia for newborn rat: 33 °C (rectal) Hyperthermia: 39 °C (rectal) | Normothermic (33°C) body temperature prevents post-asphyxic disturbances in cerebral oxidant homeostasis (markers: level of low-molecular antioxidants) |
Kletkiewicz et al., 2016c | Wistar rats; two-days-old | 192, both sexes, weight: 7–8 g | 100% nitrogen atmosphere for 10 min | Hypothermia: 31 °C (rectal) Normothermia for newborn rat: 33 °C (rectal) Hyperthermia: 37 °C & 39 °C (rectal) | ↑ MDA, ↑ CD and ↓GPx in both hyper-thermic groups ↑ SOD and ↓ CAT in extremely hypothermic and hyperthermic newborns, no changes in the levels of° MDA, CD and in enzymes activity in rats with body temperature of 33 °C |
Lafuente et al., 2016 | male piglets; 1 to 2-day-old | no data | Oxygen decreased to 10% for 30 min | Normothermia: 38 °C (rectal) Hypothermia: 33–34 °C (rectal) | ↓ protein carbonyls formation in parietal cortex and striatum 6h after H/I and hypothermia, cannabidiol enhance the protective effect of hypothermia |
Mueller-Burke et al., 2008 | male piglets; 5 to 7-day-old | 26, weighing 3.0–4.5 kg, | Oxygen decreased to 10% for 30 min | Normothermia: 38.5 °C (rectal) Hypothermia: 34 °C (rectal) | ↓ protein oxidation after post-hypoxic mild whole-body hypothermia |
Nie et al., 2016 | Sprague-Dawley rats; post-natal day 7 | 21 | Oxygen decreased to 8% for 120 min | Normothermia: 36.3 ± 0.5 °C Hypothermia: 30 ± 0.5 °C | ↓expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) after post-hypoxic hypothermia combined with N-acetylcysteine |
Santos et al., 2018 | male piglets; 2 to 3-day-old | 98, weight: 1.0–2.5 kg | Oxygen decreased to 10% for 45 min | Normothermia: 38.0 to 39.5 °C (rectal), Hypothermia: 34.0 °C | ↑ carbonylated protein levels after H/I and hypothermia |
Toader et al., 2013 | Wistar rats; Newbornpost-natal day 7 | 80, both genders, weight: 10 g | Oxygen decreased to 8% for 90 min | Normothermia: no data on value Hypothermia: 33–34 °C (intra-rectal), | ↑ MDA ↓ SOD and GPx in hypothermia, ↓ MDA ↑ SOD in H/I and hypothermia |
Zhu et al., 2014 | male piglets; 3–5 days of age | 50 | Oxygen decreased to 10% for 45 min | Normothermia: 38.5 to 39 °C (rectal), Hypothermia: 34.0 °C | the use of inhibitor of oxidative stress promoter enhances the effect of delayed hypothermia |
References | In Vitro/In Vivo Models | DFO Dose/Time of Administration | Hypoxic/Ischemic Damage | Suggested Mechanisms of Action | Result of DFO Administration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Papazisis et al., 2008 | Wistar rats; seven-day-old | 150 mg/kg s.c; subcutaneously, immediately after insult and 24 h later | Oxygen decreased to 8% for 60 min | impact on the neurotransmitters’ release | decreases the excitatory amino acid levels; reduces the number of damaged neurons in the CA1 region |
Kletkiewicz et al., 2016a | Wistar rats; two-days-old | 100 mg/kg s.c; subcutaneously, immediately after insult and 24 h later | 100% nitrogen atmosphere for 10 min | antioxidant action | prevents SOD, CAT and GPx depletion; decreases MDA level |
Kletkiewicz et al., 2016b | Wistar rats; two-days-old | 100 mg/kg s.c; subcutaneously, immediately after insult and 24h later | 100% nitrogen atmosphere for 10 min | antioxidant action | prevents cerebral glutathione and vitamin E depletion; decreases MDA level |
Chu et al., 2010 | Primary astrocyte cultures from PD1–2 Swiss white mice | Preconditioning for 0.5 to 24 h with 0.1–1 mM of DFO | hydrogen peroxide exposure (0.1–1 mM) for a further 24 h | iron chelation - removing the PHD-bound ferrous ion | protects the astrocytes against H2O2-induced injury; changes the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF |
Hamrick et al., 2005 | Hippocampal neurons from E16 CD1 mice | pretreatment with 10 mmol/L DFO for 1h | 95% N and 5% CO2 for 5 min | iron chelation | reduces cell death; induces HIF-1α |
Almli et al., 2001 | Primary hippocampal cell culture from fetal (E16) CD-1 mice | Pretreatment for 1 h at various doses ranging 50–20 mM | H2O2 and NMDA exposure for 24 h | antioxidant action and iron chelation | reduces cell death; protects against H2O2 and NMDA-induced toxicity |
Sarco et al., 2000 | tg mice, carrying the SOD1 gene; seven-day-old | 100 mg/kg s.c; subcutaneously, immediately after insult and 24h later | Oxygen decreased to 8% for 30 min | iron chelation | reduces brain iron content and hypoxic-ischemic brain damage |
Feng et al., 2000 | Piglets; 0 to 3-days-old | 100 mg/kg s.c; 15 min after recovery | Oxygen decreased to 6% for 15 min | iron chelation | inhibits lipid peroxidation |
Peeters-Scholte et al., 2003 | Piglets; 1 to 3-days-old | 10 mg/kg upon reperfusion and a repeated dose of 2.5 mg/kg at 12 h, injected intravenously | 1 h of hypoxia-ischemia by occluding both carotid arteries and reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen | iron chelation | maintains cerebral energy status after global hypoxia-ischemia |
Lu et al., 2015 | P7 hippocampal slice cultures exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) | 100 mM; 2 h before OGD | Slices exposed to 0.1% O2, 5% CO2, 94.4% nitrogen for 90 min | iron chelation | reduces hydroxyl radical levels and neuronal cell death |
Mu et al., 2005 | Sprague–Dawley rats; ten-days-old | 200 mg/kg s.c.; immediately after reperfusion administered intraperitoneally | middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion | Induction of HIF1α expression | increases HIF-1α and EPO level |
Rogalska et al., 2006 | Wistar rats; two-days-old | 100 mg/kg s.c; subcutaneously, immediately after insult and 24 h later | 100% nitrogen atmosphere for 10 min | iron chelation | protects against the brain hyperferremia |
Caputa et al., 2005 | Wistar rats; two-days-old | 100 mg/kg s.c; subcutaneously, immediately after insult and 24 h later | 100% nitrogen atmosphere for 10 min | iron chelation | prevents the behavioral disturbances |
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Kletkiewicz, H.; Klimiuk, M.; Woźniak, A.; Mila-Kierzenkowska, C.; Dokladny, K.; Rogalska, J. How to Improve the Antioxidant Defense in Asphyxiated Newborns—Lessons from Animal Models. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 898. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090898
Kletkiewicz H, Klimiuk M, Woźniak A, Mila-Kierzenkowska C, Dokladny K, Rogalska J. How to Improve the Antioxidant Defense in Asphyxiated Newborns—Lessons from Animal Models. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(9):898. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090898
Chicago/Turabian StyleKletkiewicz, Hanna, Maciej Klimiuk, Alina Woźniak, Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska, Karol Dokladny, and Justyna Rogalska. 2020. "How to Improve the Antioxidant Defense in Asphyxiated Newborns—Lessons from Animal Models" Antioxidants 9, no. 9: 898. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090898