Paraoxonase 1 Phenotype and Protein N-Homocysteinylation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients and Control Subjects
2.2. Anthropometric, Clinical, and Laboratory Data
2.3. PON1 Activity Toward Synthetic Substrates
2.4. PON1 Polymorphism
2.5. PON1 Activity Toward Homocysteine Thiolactone
2.6. PON1 Protein Concentration
2.7. Serum Homocysteine Concentration and Protein N-Homocysteinylation
2.8. Reagents
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of RA Patients and Control Subjects
3.2. PON1 Activities, Protein Concentrations, and Phenotype
3.3. Plasma Homocysteine and N-Hcy-Protein
3.4. PON1 Status, Homocysteine, and N-Hcy Protein in RA Patients Stratified According to Disease Activity
3.5. PON1 Status, Homocysteine, and N-Hcy Protein in RA Patients and Control Subjects with Normal Renal Function
3.6. Lipid Profile, PON1 Status, Homocysteine, and N-Hcy Protein in Healthy and RA Females Startified According to Menopausal Status
3.7. Correlations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control (n = 70) | RA (n = 74) | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 52.3 ± 8.8 | 55.4 ± 12.2 |
Males/females | 12/58 | 14/60 |
Body weight (kg) | 62.1 ± 11.3 | 65.6 ± 14.4 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 12.0 | 26.4 ± 13.5 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 82.3 ± 10.6 | 84.7 ± 13.8 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 97.9 ± 8.2 | 99.6 ± 8.6 |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.81 ± 0.10 | 0.84 ± 0.11 |
Disease duration (months) | - | 151 ± 107 |
Control (n = 70) | RA (n = 74) | |
---|---|---|
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.2 ± 1.8 | 12.3 ± 1.7 |
Red blood cell count (mln/μL) | 4.51 ± 0.49 | 4.42 ± 0.53 |
MCV | 88.7 ± 7.6 | 84.8 ± 8.3 |
Platelet count (103/ μL) | 336 ± 115 | 324 ± 120 |
White blood cells (103/ μL) | 7.23 ± 2.04 | 7.84 ± 2.47 |
Total plasma protein (g/dL) | 7.23 ± 0.68 | 6.98 ± 0,59 |
AST (U/L) | 22.1 ± 11.1 | 24.5 ± 13.3 |
ALT (U/L) | 24.7 ± 11.3 | 26.1 ± 28.6 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 211 ± 32 | 185 ± 46 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 123 ± 21 | 106 ± 36 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 54 ± 15 | 58 ± 18 |
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 157 ± 28 | 128.3 ± 41.6 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 132 ± 25 | 108 ± 48 |
Apolipoprotein A-I (μg/mL) | 1.12 ± 0.02 | 1.05 ± 0.03 |
Apolipoprotein A-II (μg/mL) | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.02 |
ESR (mm/1 h) | 5.6 ± 3.8 | 35.4 ± 25.8 *** |
CRP (mg/L) | 3.34 ± 0.76 | 27.9 ± 31.9 *** |
MPO (ng/mL) | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 54.5 ± 13.2 *** |
Remission-to-Moderate Activity (n = 32) | High Activity (n = 42) | |
---|---|---|
PON1 polymorphism | ||
17 | 22 | |
QR | 13 | 16 |
RR | 2 | 4 |
PON1 concentration (μg/mL) | 27.4 ± 3.2 | 18.6 ± 2.1 ** |
PON1 activity toward Hcy thiolactone (nmol × min−1 × mL−1) | 57.2 ± 12.1 | 42.1 ± 10.2 ** |
Specific PON1 activity toward Hcy thiolactone (nmol × min−1 × μg−1) | 2.11 ± 0.53 | 2.44 ± 0.61 |
Total Hcy (μM) | 9.12 ± 0.97 | 10.26 ± 1.24 |
N-Hcy-protein (μM) | 2.53 ± 1.04 | 3.04 ± 0.88 ** |
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Parada-Turska, J.; Wójcicka, G.; Beltowski, J. Paraoxonase 1 Phenotype and Protein N-Homocysteinylation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 899. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090899
Parada-Turska J, Wójcicka G, Beltowski J. Paraoxonase 1 Phenotype and Protein N-Homocysteinylation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(9):899. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090899
Chicago/Turabian StyleParada-Turska, Jolanta, Grażyna Wójcicka, and Jerzy Beltowski. 2020. "Paraoxonase 1 Phenotype and Protein N-Homocysteinylation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease" Antioxidants 9, no. 9: 899. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090899