Modulating Laying Hens Productivity and Immune Performance in Response to Oxidative Stress Induced by E. coli Challenge Using Dietary Propolis Supplementation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Birds and Ethical Statement
2.2. Experimental Design and Birds Management
2.3. Blood Sample Collection and Preparation
2.4. Productive Performance
2.5. Propolis Phenolic Content and Free Radical Scavenging Activity
2.6. Physiological Parameters
2.6.1. Inflammation Markers and Antioxidant Parameters in PBMCs
2.6.2. Plasma Corticosterone Hormone Assay
2.7. Immunological Parameters
2.7.1. Wattle Thickness in Response to Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA) Antigen Injection
2.7.2. Total WBC Count and Heterophile/Lymphocyte (H/L) Ratio Determination
2.7.3. Peripheral T- and B-Lymphocyte Proliferation
2.8. Small Intestine Histomorphology
2.9. Leucocyte Cell Viability
2.10. Foxo3 Expression in PBMCs
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Productive Performance
3.2. Inflammation Markers and Antioxidant Status
3.3. Immunological Performance
3.4. Small Intestines Histomorphology
3.5. Leucocyte Cell Viability and Foxo3 Expression
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | BD 1 | BD + PR 2 | SEM | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C 3 | EC 4 | PR + EC 5 | PR 6 | PR | EC | PR × EC | ||
Egg Number/hen/7days | 6.36 a | 4.08 c | 4.90 b | 6.76 a | 0.13 | 0.004 | <0.0001 | 0.267 |
Egg weight, g | 61.30 a | 53.60 c | 57.40 b | 63.20 a | 0.59 | 0.003 | <0.0001 | 0.264 |
Feed intake, g/d | 117.60 a | 88.60 c | 104.40 b | 115.80 a | 2.11 | 0.005 | <0.0001 | 0.008 |
Feed conversion, kg/kg | 2.11 b | 2.86 a | 2.63 a | 1.90 b | 0.08 | 0.073 | <0.0001 | 0.953 |
Parameters | BD 1 | BD + PR 2 | SEM | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C 3 | EC 4 | PR + EC 5 | PR 6 | PR | EC | PR × EC | ||
TNF-α, pg/mL | 94.68 c | 178.00 a | 155.50 b | 93.66 c | 4.79 | 0.026 | <0.0001 | 0.039 |
IL-1β, ng/mL | 0.29 c | 0.83 a | 0.52 b | 0.26 c | 0.03 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0002 |
Cort, pg/mL | 5.44 c | 14.86 a | 9.26 b | 3.28 c | 0.79 | 0.0002 | <0.0001 | 0.044 |
MDA, μM/mL | 2.00 b | 4.35 a | 2.36 b | 1.60 b | 0.43 | 0.014 | 0.002 | 0.086 |
TAC, μM/mL | 3.97 b | 2.63 c | 3.31 bc | 7.29 a | 0.42 | 0.0002 | <0.0001 | 0.006 |
SOD, μM/mL | 355.6 b | 355.0 b | 386.0 ab | 425.0 a | 18.0 | 0.013 | 0.288 | 0.302 |
Parameters | BD 1 | BD + PR 2 | SEM | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C 3 | EC 4 | PR + EC 5 | PR 6 | PR | EC | PR × EC | ||
TWBC, ×103/mL | 56.86 b | 36.70 d | 47.70 c | 64.20 a | 2.34 | 0.001 | <0.0001 | 0.445 |
H/L ratio | 0.38 c | 0.98 a | 0.67 b | 0.32 c | 0.04 | 0.0007 | <0.0001 | 0.009 |
SI T-lymphocytes | 2.78 b | 1.02 d | 1.96 c | 3.64 a | 0.20 | 0.0004 | <0.0001 | 0.845 |
SI B-lymphocytes | 1.90 b | 0.94 c | 1.60 b | 2.80 a | 0.17 | 0.0003 | <0.0001 | 0.487 |
Wattle thickness, mm | 0.45 b | 0.36 c | 0.45 b | 0.54 a | 0.02 | 0.0006 | 0.0005 | 0.964 |
Parameters | BD 1 | BD + PR 2 | SEM | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C 3 | EC 4 | PR + EC 5 | PR 6 | PR | EC | PR × EC | ||
Villi height, μm | 1960 c | 1905 c | 2083 b | 2272 a | 34.9 | <0.0001 | 0.003 | 0.073 |
Crypt depth, μm | 385 bc | 366 c | 406 b | 444 a | 10.8 | 0.0003 | 0.018 | 0.384 |
Villi/Crypts ratio | 5.12 | 5.22 | 5.13 | 5.14 | 0.18 | 0.851 | 0.800 | 0.766 |
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Abbas, A.O.; Alaqil, A.A.; El-Beltagi, H.S.; Abd El-Atty, H.K.; Kamel, N.N. Modulating Laying Hens Productivity and Immune Performance in Response to Oxidative Stress Induced by E. coli Challenge Using Dietary Propolis Supplementation. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090893
Abbas AO, Alaqil AA, El-Beltagi HS, Abd El-Atty HK, Kamel NN. Modulating Laying Hens Productivity and Immune Performance in Response to Oxidative Stress Induced by E. coli Challenge Using Dietary Propolis Supplementation. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(9):893. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090893
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbbas, Ahmed O., Abdulaziz A. Alaqil, Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Hanaa K. Abd El-Atty, and Nancy N. Kamel. 2020. "Modulating Laying Hens Productivity and Immune Performance in Response to Oxidative Stress Induced by E. coli Challenge Using Dietary Propolis Supplementation" Antioxidants 9, no. 9: 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090893