Comparative Examination of Antioxidant Capacity and Fingerprinting of Unfractionated Extracts from Different Plant Parts of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Grown under Greenhouse Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Raw Plant Material Preparation
2.2. Extract Preparation
2.3. Determination of Antioxidant Capacity, TPC, and TFC of Ethanolic Extracts
2.3.1. DPPH Radical Scavenging and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assays
2.3.2. Total Phenol Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC)
2.3.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Metabolite Fingerprinting
2.4.1. Liquid Chromatography hyphenated with Photodiode-Array Detection and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS) Analysis
2.4.2. Multivariate Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Determination of Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
3.2. Determination of Total Flavonoid Content (TFC)
3.3. Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity
3.3.1. DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Assay
3.3.2. Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay
3.3.3. Correlation of TPC, TFC, DPPH, and FRAP Tests
3.4. Metabolite Fingerprinting
Multivariate Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No a | tRb (min) | [M + H]+ m/z | [M − H]− m/z | Annotated Metabolites | Molecular Formula | Exact Mass m/z | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3.8 | 191 | scopoletin | C10H8O4 | 192.0422 | C | |
2 | 7.7 | 294 | naphthalenone | C17H26O4 | 294.1831 | T | |
3 | 12.9 | 609 | kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside | C27H30O16 | 610.1533 | F | |
4 | 13.5 | 479 | 477 | rhamnetin 3-glucoside | C22H22O12 | 478.1111 | F |
5 | 14.5 | 493 | 491 | unidentified | - | - | * |
6 | 19.5 | 810 | quinoasaponin 3 | C42H66O15 | 810.4401 | S | |
7 | 20.3 | 647 | unidentified | C27H30O16 | - | * | |
8 | 21.2 | 592 | kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-galactoside | C27H30O15 | 594.1584 | F | |
9 | 22.2 | 959 | quinoasaponin 2 | C48H78O19 | 958.5137 | S | |
10 | 23.0 | 815 | unidentified | - | - | ● | |
11 | 24.7 | 792 | chikusetsusaponin IVa | C42H66O14 | 794.4452 | S | |
12 | 27.0 | 285 | kaempferol | C15H10O6 | 286.0477 | ● | |
13 | 27.3 | 411 | unidentified | - | - | * |
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Buitrago, D.; Buitrago-Villanueva, I.; Barbosa-Cornelio, R.; Coy-Barrera, E. Comparative Examination of Antioxidant Capacity and Fingerprinting of Unfractionated Extracts from Different Plant Parts of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Grown under Greenhouse Conditions. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080238
Buitrago D, Buitrago-Villanueva I, Barbosa-Cornelio R, Coy-Barrera E. Comparative Examination of Antioxidant Capacity and Fingerprinting of Unfractionated Extracts from Different Plant Parts of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Grown under Greenhouse Conditions. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(8):238. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080238
Chicago/Turabian StyleBuitrago, Dayana, Ivon Buitrago-Villanueva, Ricardo Barbosa-Cornelio, and Ericsson Coy-Barrera. 2019. "Comparative Examination of Antioxidant Capacity and Fingerprinting of Unfractionated Extracts from Different Plant Parts of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Grown under Greenhouse Conditions" Antioxidants 8, no. 8: 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080238