Antioxidant Activity and Mechanism of Action of Amwaprin: A Protein in Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Venom
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Recombinant Amwaprin and Polyclonal Antibodies
2.2. Cell Culture and Cell Growth Assays
2.3. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Assay
2.4. Cytotoxicity Assay
2.5. Apoptosis Assay
2.6. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.7. Immunofluorescence Staining
2.8. Apoptotic Cell Death Imaging
2.9. Radical-Scavenging Assay
2.10. In Vitro DNA Protection Assay
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Amwaprin Inhibits Cell Growth
3.2. Amwaprin Inhibits Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Enzyme Activity Induced via Oxidative Stress
3.3. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Amwaprin
3.4. Effect of Amwaprin Binding to the Cell Membrane on Cell Protection
3.5. Radical-Scavenging Activity and DNA Protection of Amwaprin
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kim, B.-Y.; Lee, K.-S.; Jin, B.-R. Antioxidant Activity and Mechanism of Action of Amwaprin: A Protein in Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Venom. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 469. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040469
Kim B-Y, Lee K-S, Jin B-R. Antioxidant Activity and Mechanism of Action of Amwaprin: A Protein in Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Venom. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(4):469. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040469
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Bo-Yeon, Kwang-Sik Lee, and Byung-Rae Jin. 2024. "Antioxidant Activity and Mechanism of Action of Amwaprin: A Protein in Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Venom" Antioxidants 13, no. 4: 469. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040469