The Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) Cladodes and Callus Extracts: A Study Combined with LC-MS Metabolic Profiling, In-Silico, and In-Vitro Analyses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Reagents
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. UPLC-QTOF-MS Metabolic Profiling
2.4. In-Silico Prediction of Molecular Docking Simulation
2.4.1. Ligand and Target Protein Preparation
2.4.2. Molecular Docking
2.5. In-Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity
2.5.1. Cell Culture and Viability Assay
2.5.2. Nitric Oxide (NO) Assay
2.5.3. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
2.6. Experimental Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Plant Materials Used in This Study
3.2. Bioactive Compounds of OFC and of Extract
3.2.1. Identification of OFC Metabolite Components
Triterpenoids
Esters and Steroids
Antifungal
Fatty Acids
Fatty Amides
3.2.2. Network and Interpretation of Phytochemicals in OFC Extract
3.2.3. Identification of OF Metabolite Components
Phenolic
Triterpenoids
Flavonols
Flavanone
Flavone
3.2.4. Network and Interpretation of Phytochemical in OF Extract
3.3. Molecular Docking Results and Interpretation
3.4. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of OFC and of Extract
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nam, D.-G.; Yang, H.-S.; Bae, U.-J.; Park, E.; Choi, A.-J.; Choe, J.-S. The Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) Cladodes and Callus Extracts: A Study Combined with LC-MS Metabolic Profiling, In-Silico, and In-Vitro Analyses. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1329. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071329
Nam D-G, Yang H-S, Bae U-J, Park E, Choi A-J, Choe J-S. The Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) Cladodes and Callus Extracts: A Study Combined with LC-MS Metabolic Profiling, In-Silico, and In-Vitro Analyses. Antioxidants. 2023; 12(7):1329. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071329
Chicago/Turabian StyleNam, Dong-Geon, Hee-Sun Yang, Ui-Jin Bae, Eunmi Park, Ae-Jin Choi, and Jeong-Sook Choe. 2023. "The Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) Cladodes and Callus Extracts: A Study Combined with LC-MS Metabolic Profiling, In-Silico, and In-Vitro Analyses" Antioxidants 12, no. 7: 1329. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071329