Role of NADPH Oxidase 4 in Corneal Endothelial Cells Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Study
2.2. In Vivo Transfection and Evaluation
2.3. Cell Culture and Transfection
2.4. Cell Viability and Proliferation Assay
2.5. Cell Cycle Analysis
2.6. Immunofluorescent Staining
2.7. Western Blot
2.8. Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
2.9. Senescence-β-Galactosidase Assay
2.10. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Evaluation
2.11. MitoPotential Assay
2.12. Cellular ER Imaging
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Gene Transfection of the Rats, and the Effect of NOX4 on the Regulation of Corneal-Endothelial Cell Death In Vivo
3.2. NOX4 Regulates the Cell Shape
3.3. NOX4 Regulates Senescence by Regulating ROS Levels
3.4. NOX4 Regulates the ATF4 and XBP-1 Pathways during ER Stress
3.5. NOX4 Regulates Autophagy through the Mitochondria
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ma, D.J.; Hwang, J.S.; Noh, K.B.; Oh, S.-H.; Kim, K.W.; Shin, Y.J. Role of NADPH Oxidase 4 in Corneal Endothelial Cells Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12061228
Ma DJ, Hwang JS, Noh KB, Oh S-H, Kim KW, Shin YJ. Role of NADPH Oxidase 4 in Corneal Endothelial Cells Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy. Antioxidants. 2023; 12(6):1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12061228
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Dae Joong, Jin Sun Hwang, Kyung Bo Noh, Sun-Hee Oh, Kyoung Wook Kim, and Young Joo Shin. 2023. "Role of NADPH Oxidase 4 in Corneal Endothelial Cells Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy" Antioxidants 12, no. 6: 1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12061228
APA StyleMa, D. J., Hwang, J. S., Noh, K. B., Oh, S.-H., Kim, K. W., & Shin, Y. J. (2023). Role of NADPH Oxidase 4 in Corneal Endothelial Cells Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy. Antioxidants, 12(6), 1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12061228