The Antioxidant Properties and Protective Capacity of Prangos trifida and Cachrys cristata Essential Oils against Cd Stress in Lunularia cruciata and Brassica napus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Essential Oil Isolation
2.2. GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils
2.3. Plant and Heavy Metal Treatment
2.3.1. Brassica napus
2.3.2. Lunularia cruciata
2.4. Detection of ROS and Antioxidant Activity Enzyme
2.5. Comet Assay
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of the Essential Oils
3.2. Detection of ROS and Antioxidant Activity Enzyme
3.3. Comet Assay
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Compounds a | LRI b | LRI c | Area (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Cc) | (Pt) | ||||
1 | α-Pinene | 1008 | 1014 | 7.32 | 8.85 |
2 | Camphene | 1073 | 1075 | - | 0.24 |
3 | Sabinene | 1107 | 1115 | 0.23 | 0.67 |
4 | 2-Thujene | 1110 | 1113 | - | 0.44 |
5 | β-Pinene | 1121 | 1125 | - | 1.84 |
6 | δ-3-Carene | 1147 | 1158 | 0.30 | - |
7 | β-Myrcene | 1165 | 1176 | 45.34 | 2.72 |
8 | Sylvestrene | 1169 | 1177 | - | 11.32 |
9 | α-Phellandrene | 1179 | 1175 | - | 12.14 |
10 | α-Terpinene | 1182 | 1183 | - | 0.26 |
11 | (E)-β-Ocimene | 1225 | 1233 | - | 3.29 |
12 | (Z)-β-Ocimene | 1242 | 1243 | 3.44 | 18.12 |
13 | allo-Ocimene | 1396 | 1402 | 10.90 | 1.81 |
14 | p-Mentha-1,3,8-triene | 1400 | 1408 | - | 9.56 |
15 | α-Copaene | 1504 | 1499 | - | 0.38 |
16 | 1,5,5-Trimethyl-6-methylene-cyclohexene | 1553 | - | 0.10 | |
17 | α-Bergamotene | 1569 | 1567 | - | 0.76 |
18 | β-Caryophyllene | 1602 | 1612 | 1.35 | 2.74 |
19 | cis-Verbenol | 1649 | 1663 | - | 0.27 |
20 | γ-Elemene | 1629 | 1636 | 2.11 | - |
21 | Alloaromadendrene | 1659 | 1661 | 0.12 | - |
22 | Germacrene D | 1665 | 1687 | - | 5.53 |
23 | γ-Muurolene | 1694 | 1704 | 3.61 | - |
24 | δ-Cadinene | 1713 | 1733 | 0.12 | - |
25 | Zingiberene | 1715 | 1726 | - | 5.32 |
26 | β-Sesquiphellandrene | 1768 | 1776 | - | 2.01 |
27 | cis-Sabinol | 1779 | 1782 | - | 0.68 |
28 | 2,6-Dimethyl-3,5,7-octatriene-2-ol | 1824 | 1830 | - | 0.73 |
29 | 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzaldehyde | 1912 | 1929 | 23.47 | - |
30 | 6-Hydroxymethyl-2,3-dimethylphenyl(methanol) | 1914 | 1918 | 0.48 | - |
31 | Caryophylene oxide | 2003 | 2008 | - | 0.53 |
32 | Spathulenol | 2129 | 2136 | - | 0.78 |
33 | Phytol | 2613 | 2622 | - | 0.31 |
Monoterpene Hydrocarbons | 67.63 | 71.26 | |||
Oxygenated Monoterpenes | - | 1.68 | |||
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons | 6.04 | 16.74 | |||
Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes | - | 1.31 | |||
Others | 23.95 | 0.31 | |||
Total | 97.62 | 91.30 |
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Maresca, V.; Badalamenti, N.; Ilardi, V.; Bruno, M.; Basile, A. The Antioxidant Properties and Protective Capacity of Prangos trifida and Cachrys cristata Essential Oils against Cd Stress in Lunularia cruciata and Brassica napus. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040793
Maresca V, Badalamenti N, Ilardi V, Bruno M, Basile A. The Antioxidant Properties and Protective Capacity of Prangos trifida and Cachrys cristata Essential Oils against Cd Stress in Lunularia cruciata and Brassica napus. Antioxidants. 2023; 12(4):793. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040793
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaresca, Viviana, Natale Badalamenti, Vincenzo Ilardi, Maurizio Bruno, and Adriana Basile. 2023. "The Antioxidant Properties and Protective Capacity of Prangos trifida and Cachrys cristata Essential Oils against Cd Stress in Lunularia cruciata and Brassica napus" Antioxidants 12, no. 4: 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040793