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Antioxidants
Volume 11
Issue 1
10.3390/antiox11010050
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Article

Severe Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress and Oxidant Damage in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19: Implications for GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation

by
Premranjan Kumar
1,†,
Ob Osahon
1,†,
David B. Vides
1,†,
Nicola Hanania
2,
Charles G. Minard
3 and
Rajagopal V. Sekhar
1,*
1
Translational Metabolism Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
2
Section of Pulmonology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
3
Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Academic Editors: Rosario Ammendola, Fabio Cattaneo and Silvia Ravera
Antioxidants 2022, 11(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010050
Received: 4 December 2021 / Revised: 21 December 2021 / Accepted: 21 December 2021 / Published: 27 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Topic Redox Metabolism)
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Abstract

Humanity is battling a respiratory pandemic pneumonia named COVID-19 which has resulted in millions of hospitalizations and deaths. COVID-19 exacerbations occur in waves that continually challenge healthcare systems globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand all mechanisms by which COVID-19 results in health deterioration to facilitate the development of protective strategies. Oxidative stress (OxS) is a harmful condition caused by excess reactive-oxygen species (ROS) and is normally neutralized by antioxidants among which Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant. GSH deficiency results in amplified OxS due to compromised antioxidant defenses. Because little is known about GSH or OxS in COVID-19 infection, we measured GSH, TBARS (a marker of OxS) and F2-isoprostane (marker of oxidant damage) concentrations in 60 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Compared to uninfected controls, COVID-19 patients of all age groups had severe GSH deficiency, increased OxS and elevated oxidant damage which worsened with advancing age. These defects were also present in younger age groups, where they do not normally occur. Because GlyNAC (combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine) supplementation has been shown in clinical trials to rapidly improve GSH deficiency, OxS and oxidant damage, GlyNAC supplementation has implications for combating these defects in COVID-19 infected patients and warrants urgent investigation. View Full-Text
Keywords: COVID-19; glutathione; oxidative stress; oxidant damage; GlyNAC COVID-19; glutathione; oxidative stress; oxidant damage; GlyNAC
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MDPI and ACS Style

Kumar, P.; Osahon, O.; Vides, D.B.; Hanania, N.; Minard, C.G.; Sekhar, R.V. Severe Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress and Oxidant Damage in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19: Implications for GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010050

AMA Style

Kumar P, Osahon O, Vides DB, Hanania N, Minard CG, Sekhar RV. Severe Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress and Oxidant Damage in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19: Implications for GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(1):50. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010050

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumar, Premranjan, Ob Osahon, David B. Vides, Nicola Hanania, Charles G. Minard, and Rajagopal V. Sekhar. 2022. "Severe Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress and Oxidant Damage in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19: Implications for GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation" Antioxidants 11, no. 1: 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010050

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