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Antioxidants
Volume 10
Issue 5
10.3390/antiox10050778
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Article

Hidrox® Counteracts Cyclophosphamide-Induced Male Infertility through NRF2 Pathways in a Mouse Model

by
Roberta Fusco
1,†,
Angela Trovato Salinaro
2,†,
Rosalba Siracusa
1,
Ramona D’Amico
1,
Daniela Impellizzeri
1,
Maria Scuto
2,
Maria Laura Ontario
2,
Roberto Crea
3,
Marika Cordaro
4,*,
Salvatore Cuzzocrea
1,*,
Rosanna Di Paola
1,‡ and
Vittorio Calabrese
2,‡
1
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
2
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
3
Oliphenol LLC, 26225 Eden Landing Road, Unit C, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
4
Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
‡
Rosanna Di Paola and Vittorio Calabrese shared senior authorship.
Academic Editors: Branca M. Silva and Pedro F. Oliveira
Antioxidants 2021, 10(5), 778; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050778
Received: 25 March 2021 / Revised: 28 April 2021 / Accepted: 11 May 2021 / Published: 14 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants and Male Infertility)
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Abstract

Background: Every year, men use cyclophosphamide to treat various cancers and autoimmune diseases. On the one hand, this chemotherapy often has the beneficial effect of regressing the tumor, but on the other hand, it leads to infertility due to excessive oxidative stress and apoptosis in the testes caused by its metabolite, acrolein. Methods: The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial power of a new compound called Hidrox®, containing 40–50% hydroxytyrosol, in counteracting the damage related to fertility induced by cyclophosphamide. The study was conducted using a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w, in distilled water at 10 mL/kg b.w. The treatment was administered via the oral administration of Hidrox® at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Results: Our study confirms that the use of cyclophosphamide causes a series of sperm and histological alterations strongly connected with oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate for the first time that Hidrox® protects testes from CYP-induced alterations by the modulation of physiological antioxidant defenses. View Full-Text
Keywords: Nrf2; oxidative stress; inflammation; cyclophosphamide Nrf2; oxidative stress; inflammation; cyclophosphamide
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MDPI and ACS Style

Fusco, R.; Salinaro, A.T.; Siracusa, R.; D’Amico, R.; Impellizzeri, D.; Scuto, M.; Ontario, M.L.; Crea, R.; Cordaro, M.; Cuzzocrea, S.; Di Paola, R.; Calabrese, V. Hidrox® Counteracts Cyclophosphamide-Induced Male Infertility through NRF2 Pathways in a Mouse Model. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 778. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050778

AMA Style

Fusco R, Salinaro AT, Siracusa R, D’Amico R, Impellizzeri D, Scuto M, Ontario ML, Crea R, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Calabrese V. Hidrox® Counteracts Cyclophosphamide-Induced Male Infertility through NRF2 Pathways in a Mouse Model. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(5):778. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050778

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fusco, Roberta, Angela T. Salinaro, Rosalba Siracusa, Ramona D’Amico, Daniela Impellizzeri, Maria Scuto, Maria L. Ontario, Roberto Crea, Marika Cordaro, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Rosanna Di Paola, and Vittorio Calabrese. 2021. "Hidrox® Counteracts Cyclophosphamide-Induced Male Infertility through NRF2 Pathways in a Mouse Model" Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 778. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050778

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