Taxifolin as a Promising Ingredient of Cosmetics for Adult Skin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Study Groups
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Tape-Stripping Procedure with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
2.3.2. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy
2.3.3. Patch Test
2.3.4. Biophysical and Biomechanical Skin Properties
2.3.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Tape-Stripping Procedure with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
3.2. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy
3.3. Patch Testing
3.4. Biophysical and Biomechanical Skin Properties
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TXF Concentration (mg/mL) | Average Value | Signal Intensity m/z 302 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2.500 | 2.24 × 107 | 2.22 × 107 | 2.20 × 107 | 2.29 × 107 |
1.568 | 1.40 × 107 | 1.40 × 107 | 1.44 × 107 | 1.37 × 107 |
0.941 | 8.42 × 106 | 8.09 × 106 | 8.82 × 106 | 8.36 × 106 |
0.272 | 2.44 × 106 | 2.35 × 106 | 2.42 × 106 | 2.55 × 106 |
0.092 | 8.27 × 105 | 8.28 × 105 | 8.33 × 105 | 8.19 × 105 |
0.001 | 1.24 × 104 | 1.10 × 104 | 1.23 × 104 | 1.40 × 104 |
Cream with 3% of Taxifolin (Quantity Applied: 26.00 mg/cm2) | Cream with 3% of S. balsamita Extract (Quantity Applied: 26.00 mg/cm2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Layer | Thickness of Stripped Epidermis [mm] | Subject 1 | Subject 2 | Subject 1 | Subject 2 |
1 | 0.017 | 0.323 ± 0.006 | 0.358 ± 0.006 | 0.416 ± 0.006 | 0.422 ± 0.006 |
2 | 0.034 | 0.295 ± 0.010 | 0.337 ± 0.027 | 0.016 ± 0.006 | 0.010 ± 0.006 |
3 | 0.051 | 0.284 ± 0.003 | 0.285 ± 0.010 | 0.014 ± 0.006 | 0.004 ± 0.006 |
4 | 0.068 | 0.270 ± 0.003 | 0.228 ± 0.006 | 0.014 ± 0.006 | 0.002 ± 0.006 |
5 | 0.085 | 0.225 ± 0.025 | 0.156 ± 0.003 | 0.005 ± 0.006 | 0.002 ± 0.006 |
6 | 0.102 | 0.089 ± 0.022 | 0.089 ± 0.001 | 0.002 ± 0.006 | nd |
7 | 0.119 | 0.032 ± 0.002 | 0.022 ± 0.001 | nd | nd |
8 | 0.136 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
9 | 0.153 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
10 | 0.170 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Taxifolin quantity determined on the tapes | 1.518 mg | 1.475 mg | 0.467 mg | 0.440 mg |
Suspected Cosmetics | Patients Tested | Positivity | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eczema Group (n) | Healthy Group (n) | Total (n) | Eczema Group (n) | Healthy Group (n) | Total (n) | ||||
After 48 h | After 72 h | After 48 h | After 72 h | After 48 h | After 72 h | ||||
3% S. balsamita extract cream | 18 | 17 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3% TXF cream | 18 | 17 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Parameter | 3% S. balsamita Extraxt Cream (n = 20) | 3% Taxifolin Cream (n = 20) | Placebo (n = 20) | Placebo Versus 3% S. balsamita Extract Cream | Placebo Versus 3% Taxifolin Cream (p Value) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Melanin Index (AU) | Before treatment Mean ± SD | 120.0 ± 29.4 | 135.6 ± 22.1 | 125.1 ± 28.5 | ||
After treatment Mean ± SD | 114.7 ± 30.7 | 129.0 ± 22.0 | 125.8 ± 36.3 | |||
p value | 0.0618 * | 0.0206 * | 0.8728 | 0.3408 | 0.2012 | |
Erythema Index (AU) | Before treatment Mean ± SD | 372.9 ± 75.9 | 345.7 ± 75.0 | 349.6 ± 58.2 | ||
After treatment Mean ± SD | 342.6 ± 72.0 | 337.6 ± 72.4 | 354.6 ± 77.8 | |||
p value | 0.0069 * | 0.3846 | 0.6407 | 0.0430 * | 0.5117 | |
Brightness L* (AU) | Before treatment Mean ± SD | 62.8 ± 4.1 | 63.2 ± 3.3 | 63.9 ± 3.2 | ||
After treatment Mean ± SD | 64.5 ± 3.3 | 64.0 ± 2.9 | 63.3 ± 3.2 | |||
p value | 0.0028 * | 0.2712 | 0.1167 | 0.0005 * | 0.0402 * | |
Red intensity a* (AU) | Before treatment Mean ± SD | 11.9 ± 1.9 | 11.1 ± 2.2 | 10.7 ± 1.5 | ||
After treatment Mean ± SD | 10.9 ± 1.6 | 10.5 ± 1.9 | 10.9 ± 1.5 | |||
p value | 0.0706 * | 0.1459 | 0.1261 | 0.0283 * | 0.9893 | |
Yellow intensity b* (AU) | Before treatment Mean ± SD | 11.1 ± 1.1 | 11.9 ± 1.9 | 11.4 ± 2.4 | ||
After treatment Mean ± SD | 11.6 ± 1.5 | 11.3 ± 1.4 | 11.1 ± 2.4 | |||
p value | 0.0034 * | 0.1432 | 0.3898 | 0.0032 * | 0.0375 * | |
Individual typological angle ITA (°) | Before treatment Mean ± SD | 47.4 ± 11.4 | 46.7 ± 6.6 | 50.2 ± 8.6 | ||
After treatment Mean ± SD | 50.5 ± 7.2 | 50.6 ± 4.9 | 49.8 ± 8.8 | |||
p value | 0.0231 * | 0.0111 * | 0.7141 | 0.0167 * | 0.0080 * | |
pH | Before treatment Mean ± SD | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | ||
After treatment Mean ± SD | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | |||
p value | 0.0323 * | 0.0352 * | 0.0127 * | 0.0014 * | 0.6017 | |
Skin temperature in °C | Before treatment Mean ± SDAfter treatment Mean ± SD | 30.6 ± 1.729.6 ± 1.3 | 30.5 ± 1.329.8 ± 1.3 | 30.2 ± 1.230.0 ± 1.5 | ||
p value | 0.0468 * | 0.0314 * | 0.5511 | 0.2766 | 0.3834 | |
Diffuse reflected/scattered light (AU) | Before treatment Mean ± SD | 25.3 ± 2.0 | 24.6 ± 3.0 | 26.0 ± 3.4 | ||
After treatment Mean ± SD | 26.0 ± 2.8 | 26.0 ± 2.8 | 25.8 ± 3.4 | |||
p value | 0.1432 | 0.0485 * | 0.9019 | 0.4945 | 0.0460 * |
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Micek, I.; Nawrot, J.; Seraszek-Jaros, A.; Jenerowicz, D.; Schroeder, G.; Spiżewski, T.; Suchan, A.; Pawlaczyk, M.; Gornowicz-Porowska, J. Taxifolin as a Promising Ingredient of Cosmetics for Adult Skin. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101625
Micek I, Nawrot J, Seraszek-Jaros A, Jenerowicz D, Schroeder G, Spiżewski T, Suchan A, Pawlaczyk M, Gornowicz-Porowska J. Taxifolin as a Promising Ingredient of Cosmetics for Adult Skin. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(10):1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101625
Chicago/Turabian StyleMicek, Iwona, Joanna Nawrot, Agnieszka Seraszek-Jaros, Dorota Jenerowicz, Grzegorz Schroeder, Tomasz Spiżewski, Adela Suchan, Mariola Pawlaczyk, and Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska. 2021. "Taxifolin as a Promising Ingredient of Cosmetics for Adult Skin" Antioxidants 10, no. 10: 1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101625