Effects of Ten Different Exercise Interventions on Motor Function in Parkinson’s Disease Patients—A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Inclusion Criteria
2.3. Exclusion Criteria
2.4. Study Selection
2.5. Data Extraction
2.6. Risk of Bias of Individual Studies
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study and Identification and Selection
3.2. Quality Assessment of the Included Studies
3.3. Characteristics of the Included Studies
3.4. Network Meta-Analysis
3.4.1. Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-Motor (UPDRS-Motor)
3.4.2. Timed-Up-and-Go Test (TUGT)
3.4.3. Berge Balance Scale
3.5. Publication Bias Test
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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#1 | “Parkinson disease”[MeSH] |
#2 | (((((Parkinson disease[Title/Abstract])OR Parkinson′s disease[Title/Abstract]) OR idiopathic Parkinson′s disease[Title/Abstract]) OR lewy body Parkinson′s disease[Title/Abstract]) OR primary Parkinsonism[Title/Abstract]) OR paralysis agitans[Title/Abstract] |
#3 | #1 OR #2 |
#4 | “exercise”[MeSH] |
#5 | (((((((exercise[Title/Abstract]) OR exercise intervention[Title/Abstract]) OR exercise training[Title/Abstract]) OR training[Title/Abstract]) OR physical training[Title/Abstract]) OR physical exercise[Title/Abstract]) OR sports training[Title/Abstract]) OR nurse intervention[Title/Abstract] |
#6 | #4 OR #5 |
#7 | randomzied controlled trials[Publication Type] |
#8 | #3 AND #6 AND #7 |
Author | Country | Year | Population | Age (Mean + SD) | Total/Male/Female | Intervention | Control | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yuan | Taiwan | 2020 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T:67.8 (5.5) C:66.5 (8.8) | T:12/2/10 C:12/9/3 | VR training Length of Intervention: six weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: 30 min | CON | BBS |
Pazzaglia | Italy | 2020 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T:72 (7) C:70 (10) | T: 25/15/7 C: 26/17/9 | VR training Length of Intervention: six weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: 40 min | CON | BBS |
Xia | China | 2020 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 65.99 (4.3) C: 66 (8.55) | T: 15/11/4 C: 15/12/3 | VR training Length of Intervention: four weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: 15–20 min | CON | UPDRS, BBS |
Santos | Brazil | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 61.7 (7.3) C: 64.5 (9.8) | T: 13/11/2 C: 14/11/3 | VR training Length of Intervention: eight weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 50 min | CON | TUG, BBS |
Tollar | Hungary | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 70 (4.69) C:67.5 (4.28) | T: 25/12/13 C: 24/13/11 | VR training Length of Intervention: five weeks Freq: five times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS, BBS |
Song | Australia | 2018 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 68 (7) C: 65 (7) | T: 28/12/16 C: 25/5/20 | VR training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: Minimum 15 min each time | CON | TUG |
Lee | Korea | 2015 | NA | T: 68.4 (2.9) C: 70.1 (3.3) | T: 10/5/5 C: 10/5/5 | VR training Length of Intervention: six weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 45 min | CON | BBS |
Li | China | 2020 | NA | T: 70.1 (3.24) C: 68.72 (3.26) | T: 40/24/16 C: 40/27/13 | Dance training (Dance to the rhythm of music) Length of Intervention: four weeks Freq: seven times a week Duration: 40 min | CON | BBS |
Vivas | Spain | 2011 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 65.67 (3.67) C: 68.33 (6.92) | T: 12/3/3 C: 12/4/2 | Aquatic training Length of Intervention: four weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 45 min | BLT (balance training) | BBS |
Carroll | Italy | 2017 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 69.5 (1.75) C: 74 (6.01) | T: 10/7/3 C: 8/5/3 | Aquatic training Length of Intervention: six weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 45 min | CON | UPDRS |
Volpe | Italy | 2014 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 68 (7) C: 66 (8) | T: 17/NA/NA C: 17/NA/NA | Aquatic training Length of Intervention: eight weeks Freq: five times a week Duration: 60 min | BLT | UPDRS, BBS, TUG |
Volpe | Italy | 2017 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 70.6 (7.8) C: 70 (7.8) | T: 15/9/6 C: 15/10/5 | Aquatic training Length of Intervention: eight weeks Freq: five times a week Duration: 60 min | BLT | UPDRS, BBS, TUG |
Perez-de | Spain | 2018 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 65.87 (7.09) C: 66.44 (5.73) | T: 14/NA/NA C: 15/NA/NA | Aquatic training Length of Intervention: 11 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 45 min | CON | UPDRS |
Kurt | Turkey | 2017 | NA | T: 62.41 (6.76) C: 63.61 (7.18) | T: 20/11/9 C: 20/13/7 | Aquatic training Length of Intervention: five weeks Freq: five times a week Duration: 60 min | BLT | UPDRS, BBS, TUG |
Wang | China | 2017 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 63.4 (7.22) C: 64.45 (6.82) | T: 20/12/8 C: 20/14/6 | Aquatic training Length of Intervention: eight weeks Freq: five times a week Duration: 50 min | BLT | UPDRS, BBS, TUG |
Palamara | Italy | 2017 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-2 | T: 70.9 (5.7) C: 70.8 (5.3) | T: 15/9/8 C: 15/11/6 | Aquatic training Length of Intervention: four weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS, BBS, TUG |
Clerici | Italy | 2018 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-2 | T: 67 (8) C: 67 (11) | T: 27/NA/NA C: 25/NA/NA | Aquatic training Length of Intervention: four weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS, BBS, TUG |
Vieira | UK | 2020 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-2 | T: 64.7 (1.8) C: 64.4 (3.7) | T: 25/20/5 C: 15/10/5 | resistance training Length of Intervention: nine weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 50–60 min | CON | TUG |
De lima | Brazil | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 66.2 (5.5) C: 67.2 (5.2) | T: 17/NA/NA C: 16/NA/NA | resistance training Length of Intervention: 20 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 30–40 min | CON | TUG |
Kwok | China | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 63.7 (8.2) C: 63.5 (9.3) | T: 71/347/34 C: 67/28/39 | resistance training Length of Intervention: 20 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | TUG, UPDRS |
Leal | Brazil | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 65.2 (2.05) C: 64.9 (2.32) | T: 27/13/14 C: 27/14/13 | resistance training Length of Intervention: six MOs Freq: two times a week Duration: 20 min | CON | TUG |
Schlenstedt | Germany | 2015 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 75.7 (5.5) C: 75.7 (7.2) | T: 17/12/5 C: 15/9/6 | resistance training Length of Intervention: seven weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | TUG, UPDRS |
Tang | China | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 67.76 (5.23) C: 69.64 (4.58) | T: 31/24/7 C: 31/19/12 | resistance training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 20 min | CON | BBS |
Choi | Korea | 2013 | NA | T: 60.81 (7.6) C: 65.54 (6.8) | T: 11/NA/NA C: 9/NA/NA | Taichi training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | TUG, UPDRS |
Amano | USA | 2013 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 66 (11) C: 66 (7) | T: 15/8/7 C: 9/2/7 | Taichi training Length of Intervention: 16 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS |
Hackney | USA | 2008 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1.5-3 | T: 64.9 (8.3) C: 62.6 (10.2) | T: 13/2/11 C: 13/3/10 | Taichi training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG, BBS |
Vergara-Diaz | USA | 2018 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-2 | T: 65.7 (3.86) C: 62 (7.77) | T: 16/7/9 C: 16/9/7 | Taichi training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG |
Li | USA | 2012 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-4 | T: 68 (9) C: 69 (8) | T: 65/20/45 C: 65/27/38 | Taichi training Length of Intervention: 24 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | RT | UPDRS, TUG |
Choi | Korea | 2016 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-2 | T: 60.81 (7.6) C: 65.54 (6.8) | T: 11/NA/NA C: 9/NA/NA | Taichi training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: one time a week Duration: 30 min | CON | TUG |
Gao | Australia | 2014 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-4 | T: 69.54 (7.3) C: 68.28 (8.5) | T: 37/14/23 C: 37/10/27 | Taichi training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG, BBS |
You | China | 2020 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-4 | T: 68.81 (5.02) C: 68.48 (5.27) | T: 35/18/17 C: 35/19/16 | Taichi training Length of Intervention: eight weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | BBS, UPDRS |
Xiao | China | 2016 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-4 | T + C: 67.8 (9.4) | T: 49/NA/NA C: 49/NA/NA | Baduanjin training Length of Intervention: six MOs Freq: four times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG, BBS |
Shi | China | 2021 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 67.89 (4.63) C: 67.48 (4.52) | T: 65/34/31 C: 64/34/30 | Baduanjin training Length of Intervention: two MOs Freq: four times a week Duration: 30 min | BLT | BBS, UPDRS |
Wang | China | 2021 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-4 | T + C:65.52 (7.29) | T: 27/NA/NA C: 24/NA/NA | Baduanjin training Length of Intervention: six weeks Freq: seven times a week Duration: 30 min | BLT | UPDRS |
Marieke | USA | 2018 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 65.53 (6.1) C: 70.5 (4.4) | T: 15/5/10 C: 15/8/7 | Yoga training Length of Intervention: eight weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS |
Cheung | USA | 2018 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 63.5 (8.5) C: 65.8 (6.6) | T: 50/45/5 C: 50/45/5 | Yoga training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS |
Kwok | Hong Kong | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T + C: 63.6 (8.7) | T: 71/37/34 C: 67/28/39 | Yoga training Length of Intervention: eight weeks Freq: one time a week Duration: 90 min | RT | UPDRS, TUG |
Khuzema | India | 2020 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr2.5-3 | T: 68.11 (4.2) C: 72 (5.2) | T: 9/NA/NA C: 9/NA/NA | Yoga training Length of Intervention: eight weeks Freq: five times a week Duration: 30–40 min | CON | TUG, BBS |
Ni | USA | 2016 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T + C: 72.2 (6.5) | T: 13/2/11 C: 14/5/9 | Yoga training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG, BBS |
Sharma | USA | 2015 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-2 | T: 62.8 (13.2) C: 73.4 (6.5) | T: 8/6/2 C: 8/3/5 | Yoga training Length of Intervention: six weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS |
Song | Australia | 2018 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 68 (7) C: 65 (7) | T: 31/16/15 C: 30/21/9 | Walking training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: 15 min | CON | TUG |
Michels | USA | 2018 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr2-2.5 | T + C: 69.2 (8.7) | T: 7/NA/NA C: 6/NA/NA | Dance training (Dance to the rhythm of music) Length of Intervention: 10 weeks Freq: one time a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG, BBS |
Volpe | Italy | 2013 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-2.5 | T: 61.6 (4.5) C: 65.0 (5.3) | T: 12/5/7 C: 12/6/6 | Dance training (Irish set dancing) Length of Intervention: 24 weeks Freq: one times a week Duration: 90 min | CON | UPDRS, BBS |
Shanahan | Ireland | 2017 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-2.5 | T: 69 (10) C: 69 (8) | T: 20/7/13 C: 20/7/13 | Dance training (Irish set dancing) Length of Intervention: 10 weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: 20 min | CON | UPDRS |
Hackney | USA | 2009 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-4 | T: 68.2 (1.4) C: 66.5 (2.8) | T: 14/3/11 C: 17/5/12 | Dance training (Tango) Length of Intervention: 13 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG, BBS |
Rawson | USA | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-4 | T + C: 67.2 (8.9) | T: 39/NA/NA C: 31/NA/NA | Dance training (Tango) Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | TRD | UPDRS |
Duncan | USA | 2012 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-4 | T: 69.3 (1.9) C: 69.0 (1.5) | T: 26/11/15 C: 26/11/15 | Dance training (community-based dancing) Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS |
Solla | Italy | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 67.8 (5.9) C: 67.1 (6.3) | T: 10/4/6 C: 10/3/7 | Dance training (Folk dance) Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 90 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG, BBS |
Romenets | Canada | 2015 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 63.2 (9.9) C: 64.3 (8.1) | T: 18/6/12 C: 16/9/7 | Dance training (Tango) Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG |
Shulman | USA | 2013 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 66.1 (9.7) C: 65.3 (11.3) | T: 70/54/16 C: 80/62/18 | Treadmill training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: 80 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG |
Carvalho | Brazil | 2015 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 64.8 (11.9) C: 64.1 (9.9) | T: 6/2/4 C: 8/2/6 | Treadmill training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 30 min | CON | UPDRS, BBS |
Sage | USA | 2009 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 65.1 (9.3) C: 64.2 (10.3) | T: 13/7/6 C: 15/11/7 | Treadmill training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: 20 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG |
Cugusia | Italy | 2015 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 68.1 (8.7) C: 66.6 (7.3) | T: 10/2/8 C: 10/2/8 | Walking training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 60 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG, BBS |
Bang | Korea | 2017 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 58.3 (7.7) C: 60.6 (6.7) | T: 10/5/5 C: 10/6/4 | Walking training Length of Intervention: five weeks Freq: five times a week Duration: 60 min | TRD | UPDRS, TUG, BBS |
Bello | Spain | 2013 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 58 (9.4) C: 59.5 (11.3) | T: 11/4/7 C: 11/5/6 | Walking training Length of Intervention: five weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: NA | TRD | UPDRS, TUG |
Kolk | Korea | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-2 | T: 59.3 (8.3) C: 59.4 (9.3) | T: 65/23/42 C: 65/27/38 | Cycling training Length of Intervention: 24 weeks Freq: two times a week Duration: 30 min | CON | UPDRS, BBS |
Sacheli | Canada | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 66.76 (5.9) C: 67.85 (8.5) | T: 20/7/13 C: 20/11/9 | Cycling training Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: 50 min | CON | UPDRS |
Ridgel | USA | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1-3 | T: 69.9 (7.4) C: 70 (6.4) | T: 8/4/4 C: 8/3/5 | Cycling training Length of Intervention: two weeks Freq: three times a week Duration: 40 min | CON | UPDRS, TUG |
Arcolin | Italy | 2015 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr1.5-3 | T: 68.7 (8.3) C: 67.8 (8.8) | T: 18/9/9 C: 13/7/6 | Cycling training Length of Intervention: three weeks Freq: five times a week Duration: 60 min | TRD | UPDRS, TUG |
Tollar | Hungary | 2019 | Parkinson disease Hoehn & Yahr2-3 | T: 70.6 (4.1) C: 70 (4.69) | T: 25/13/12 C: 25/14/11 | Cycling training Length of Intervention: five weeks Freq: five times a week Duration: 45 min | CON | BBS |
DANCE | WKT | YOGA | TAI | VR | CYC | BDJ | AQU | RT | TRD | BLT | CON |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DANCE | 0.11 (−4.66,4.88) | 0.39 (−4.02,4.80) | 0.64 (−2.93,4.22) | 0.78 (−3.40,4.96) | 1.20 (−2.74,5.14) | 1.81 (−2.48,6.10) | 1.97 (−1.66,5.59) | 2.91 (−1.62,7.45) | 3.20 (−0.51,6.91) | 3.50 (−0.49,7.49) | 4.90 (2.23,7.57) |
−0.11 (−4.88,4.66) | WKT | 0.28 (−5.23,5.79) | 0.53 (−4.34,5.40) | 0.67 (−4.67,6.01) | 1.09 (−3.91,6.09) | 1.70 (−3.72,7.11) | 1.86 (−3.04,6.76) | 2.80 (−2.80,8.40) | 3.09 (−0.13,6.32) | 3.39 (−1.79,8.57) | 4.79 (0.53,9.05) |
−0.39 (−4.80,4.02) | −0.28 (−5.79,5.23) | YOGA | 0.25 (−3.73,4.23) | 0.39 (−4.37,5.15) | 0.81 (−3.79,5.41) | 1.42 (−3.33,6.17) | 1.58 (−2.59,5.74) | 2.52 (−1.51,6.55) | 2.81 (−1.82,7.45) | 3.11 (−1.28,7.51) | 4.51 (1.00,8.02) |
−0.64 (−4.22,2.93) | −0.53 (−5.40,4.34) | −0.25 (−4.23,3.73) | TAI | 0.14 (−3.86,4.14) | 0.56 (−3.23,4.35) | 1.16 (−2.87,5.20) | 1.33 (−2.00,4.65) | 2.27 (−1.34,5.88) | 2.56 (−1.30,6.42) | 2.86 (−0.79,6.50) | 4.26 (1.88,6.63) |
−0.78 (−4.96,3.40) | −0.67 (−6.01,4.67) | −0.39 (−5.15,4.37) | −0.14 (−4.14,3.86) | VR | 0.42 (−3.94,4.78) | 1.03 (−3.62,5.67) | 1.19 (−2.85,5.23) | 2.13 (−2.74,7.01) | 2.42 (−2.01,6.86) | 2.72 (−1.66,7.10) | 4.12 (0.91,7.34) |
−1.20 (−5.14,2.74) | −1.09 (−6.09,3.91) | −0.81 (−5.41,3.79) | −0.56 (−4.35,3.23) | −0.42 (−4.78,3.94) | CYC | 0.61 (−3.87,5.08) | 0.77 (−3.08,4.62) | 1.71 (−3.02,6.44) | 2.00 (−2.01,6.01) | 2.30 (−1.90,6.50) | 3.70 (0.75,6.65) |
−1.81 (−6.10,2.48) | −1.70 (−7.11,3.72) | −1.42 (−6.17,3.33) | −1.16 (−5.20,2.87) | −1.03 (−5.67,3.62) | −0.61 (−5.08,3.87) | BDJ | 0.16 (−3.33,3.65) | 1.11 (−3.57,5.78) | 1.40 (−3.13,5.92) | 1.69 (−1.52,4.90) | 3.09 (−0.26,6.45) |
−1.97 (−5.59,1.66) | −1.86 (−6.76,3.04) | −1.58 (−5.74,2.59) | −1.33 (−4.65,2.00) | −1.19 (−5.23,2.85) | −0.77 (−4.62,3.08) | −0.16 (−3.65,3.33) | AQU | 0.94 (−3.15,5.04) | 1.23 (−2.66,5.13) | 1.53 (−0.85,3.92) | 2.93 (0.48,5.38) |
−2.91 (−7.45,1.62) | −2.80 (−8.40,2.80) | −2.52 (−6.55,1.51) | −2.27 (−5.88,1.34) | −2.13 (−7.01,2.74) | −1.71 (−6.44,3.02) | −1.11 (−5.78,3.57) | −0.94 (−5.04,3.15) | RT | 0.29 (−4.45,5.03) | 0.59 (−3.55,4.73) | 1.99 (−1.68,5.65) |
−3.20 (−6.91,0.51) | −3.09 (−6.32,0.13) | −2.81 (−7.45,1.82) | −2.56 (−6.42,1.30) | −2.42 (−6.86,2.01) | −2.00 (−6.01,2.01) | −1.40 (−5.92,3.13) | −1.23 (−5.13,2.66) | −0.29 (−5.03,4.45) | TRD | 0.30 (−3.94,4.54) | 1.70 (−1.35,4.75) |
−3.50 (−7.49,0.49) | −3.39 (−8.57,1.79) | −3.11 (−7.51,1.28) | −2.86 (−6.50,0.79) | −2.72 (−7.10,1.66) | −2.30 (−6.50,1.90) | −1.69 (−4.90,1.52) | −1.53 (−3.92,0.85) | −0.59 (−4.73,3.55) | −0.30 (−4.54,3.94) | BLT | 1.40 (−1.57,4.37) |
−4.90 (−7.57,−2.23) | −4.79 (−9.05,−0.53) | −4.51 (−8.02,−1.00) | −4.26 (−6.63,−1.88) | −4.12 (−7.34,−0.91) | −3.70 (−6.65,−0.75) | −3.09 (−6.45,0.26) | −2.93 (−5.38,−0.48) | −1.99 (−5.65,1.68) | −1.70 (−4.75,1.35) | −1.40 (−4.37,1.57) | CON |
YOGA | RT | AQU | TAI | TRD | VR | DANCE | WKT | CYC | BDJ | BLT | CON |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YOGA | 0.21 (−1.79,2.21) | 0.73 (−1.61,3.07) | 0.83 (−1.16,2.83) | 0.98 (−1.28,3.25) | 1.09 (−1.48,3.66) | 1.15 (−0.98,3.29) | 1.33 (−1.17,3.83) | 1.52 (−1.12,4.15) | 2.30 (−2.07,6.67) | 2.50 (0.04,4.96) | 2.40 (0.65,4.14) |
−0.21 (−2.21,1.79) | RT | 0.52 (−1.32,2.37) | 0.63 (−0.76,2.01) | 0.77 (−1.12,2.67) | 0.88 (−1.38,3.14) | 0.95 (−0.77,2.67) | 1.12 (−1.02,3.27) | 1.31 (−0.99,3.61) | 2.09 (−2.10,6.28) | 2.30 (0.42,4.18) | 2.19 (0.97,3.41) |
−0.73 (−3.07,1.61) | −0.52 (−2.37,1.32) | AQU | 0.10 (−1.78,1.99) | 0.25 (−1.93,2.43) | 0.36 (−2.13,2.85) | 0.43 (−1.62,2.48) | 0.60 (−1.83,3.03) | 0.79 (−1.78,3.36) | 1.57 (−2.76,5.90) | 1.78 (0.42,3.14) | 1.67 (0.03,3.30) |
−0.83 (−2.83,1.16) | −0.63 (−2.01,0.76) | −0.10 (−1.99,1.78) | TAI | 0.15 (−1.62,1.92) | 0.26 (−1.89,2.40) | 0.32 (−1.28,1.92) | 0.50 (−1.56,2.56) | 0.69 (−1.54,2.91) | 1.46 (−2.67,5.60) | 1.67 (−0.37,3.72) | 1.56 (0.54,2.59) |
−0.98 (−3.25,1.28) | −0.77 (−2.67,1.12) | −0.25 (−2.43,1.93) | −0.15 (−1.92,1.62) | TRD | 0.11 (−2.27,2.48) | 0.17 (−1.73,2.08) | 0.35 (−1.13,1.83) | 0.54 (−1.18,2.25) | 1.32 (−2.94,5.58) | 1.52 (−0.83,3.88) | 1.42 (−0.03,2.86) |
−1.09 (−3.66,1.48) | −0.88 (−3.14,1.38) | −0.36 (−2.85,2.13) | −0.26 (−2.40,1.89) | −0.11 (−2.48,2.27) | VR | 0.07 (−2.19,2.33) | 0.24 (−2.37,2.85) | 0.43 (−2.32,3.18) | 1.21 (−3.22,5.64) | 1.42 (−1.25,4.08) | 1.31 (−0.57,3.19) |
−1.15 (−3.29,0.98) | −0.95 (−2.67,0.77) | −0.43 (−2.48,1.62) | −0.32 (−1.92,1.28) | −0.17 (−2.08,1.73) | −0.07 (−2.33,2.19) | DANCE | 0.17 (−1.99,2.34) | 0.36 (−1.96,2.69) | 1.14 (−3.05,5.34) | 1.35 (−0.86,3.56) | 1.24 (0.01,2.48) |
−1.33 (−3.83,1.17) | −1.12 (−3.27,1.02) | −0.60 (−3.03,1.83) | −0.50 (−2.56,1.56) | −0.35 (−1.83,1.13) | −0.24 (−2.85,2.37) | −0.17 (−2.34,1.99) | WKT | 0.19 (−1.99,2.37) | 0.97 (−3.42,5.36) | 1.18 (−1.38,3.73) | 1.07 (−0.73,2.86) |
−1.52 (−4.15,1.12) | −1.31 (−3.61,0.99) | −0.79 (−3.36,1.78) | −0.69 (−2.91,1.54) | −0.54 (−2.25,1.18) | −0.43 (−3.18,2.32) | −0.36 (−2.69,1.96) | −0.19 (−2.37,1.99) | CYC | 0.78 (−3.69,5.25) | 0.99 (−1.70,3.68) | 0.88 (−1.10,2.86) |
−2.30 (−6.67,2.07) | −2.09 (−6.28,2.10) | −1.57 (−5.90,2.76) | −1.46 (−5.60,2.67) | −1.32 (−5.58,2.94) | −1.21 (−5.64,3.22) | −1.14 (−5.34,3.05) | −0.97 (−5.36,3.42) | −0.78 (−5.25,3.69) | BDJ | 0.21 (−4.21,4.62) | 0.10 (−3.91,4.11) |
−2.50 (−4.96,−0.04) | −2.30 (−4.18,−0.42) | −1.78 (−3.14,−0.42) | −1.67 (−3.72,0.37) | −1.52 (−3.88,0.83) | −1.42 (−4.08,1.25) | −1.35 (−3.56,0.86) | −1.18 (−3.73,1.38) | −0.99 (−3.68,1.70) | −0.21 (−4.62,4.21) | BLT | −0.11 (−1.96,1.75) |
−2.40 (−4.14,−0.65) | −2.19 (−3.41,−0.97) | −1.67 (−3.30,−0.03) | −1.56 (−2.59,−0.54) | −1.42 (−2.86,0.03) | −1.31 (−3.19,0.57) | −1.24 (−2.48,−0.01) | −1.07 (−2.86,0.73) | −0.88 (−2.86,1.10) | −0.10 (−4.11,3.91) | 0.11 (−1.75,1.96) | CON |
DANCE | RT | BDJ | VR | TAI | YOGA | WKT | CYC | AQU | TRD | CON | BLT |
DANCE | −0.91 (−7.48,5.66) | −1.56 (−8.43,5.30) | −2.21 (−6.47,2.05) | −2.31 (−7.20,2.58) | −2.37 (−8.27,3.53) | −2.49 (−9.72,4.73) | −3.45 (−8.79,1.89) | −4.85 (−10.06,0.36) | −5.07 (−11.71,1.57) | −5.81 (−9.17,−2.45) | −7.07 (−12.68,−1.47) |
0.91 (−5.66,7.48) | RT | −0.65 (−8.92,7.61) | −1.30 (−7.53,4.93) | −1.40 (−8.07,5.27) | −1.46 (−8.96,6.05) | −1.58 (−10.12,6.96) | −2.54 (−9.52,4.44) | −3.94 (−10.85,2.96) | −4.16 (−12.21,3.89) | −4.90 (−10.54,0.74) | −6.16 (−13.37,1.04) |
1.56 (−5.30,8.43) | 0.65 (−7.61,8.92) | BDJ | −0.64 (−7.22,5.94) | −0.75 (−7.75,6.26) | −0.80 (−7.91,6.30) | −0.93 (−9.72,7.86) | −1.89 (−9.21,5.43) | −3.29 (−8.89,2.31) | −3.51 (−11.83,4.82) | −4.25 (−10.28,1.79) | −5.51 (−10.55,−0.46) |
2.21 (−2.05,6.47) | 1.30 (−4.93,7.53) | 0.64 (−5.94,7.22) | VR | −0.10 (−4.53,4.33) | −0.16 (−5.76,5.44) | −0.29 (−7.22,6.64) | −1.24 (−6.13,3.65) | −2.64 (−7.42,2.13) | −2.86 (−9.18,3.45) | −3.60 (−6.24,−0.96) | −4.87 (−10.07,0.34) |
2.31 (−2.58,7.20) | 1.40 (−5.27,8.07) | 0.75 (−6.26,7.75) | 0.10 (−4.33,4.53) | TAI | −0.06 (−6.15,6.04) | −0.18 (−7.51,7.15) | −1.14 (−6.57,4.29) | −2.54 (−7.88,2.80) | −2.76 (−9.51,3.99) | −3.50 (−7.05,0.06) | −4.76 (−10.48,0.96) |
2.37 (−3.53,8.27) | 1.46 (−6.05,8.96) | 0.80 (−6.30,7.91) | 0.16 (−5.44,5.76) | 0.06 (−6.04,6.15) | YOGA | −0.13 (−8.21,7.95) | −1.08 (−7.55,5.38) | −2.48 (−8.14,3.17) | −2.70 (−10.27,4.87) | −3.44 (−8.39,1.51) | −4.71 (−10.38,0.97) |
2.49 (−4.73,9.72) | 1.58 (−6.96,10.12) | 0.93 (−7.86,9.72) | 0.29 (−6.64,7.22) | 0.18 (−7.15,7.51) | 0.13 (−7.95,8.21) | WKT | −0.96 (−8.58,6.66) | −2.36 (−9.90,5.19) | −2.58 (−8.21,3.06) | −3.32 (−9.73,3.09) | −4.58 (−12.40,3.24) |
3.45 (−1.89,8.79) | 2.54 (−4.44,9.52) | 1.89 (−5.43,9.21) | 1.24 (−3.65,6.13) | 1.14 (−4.29,6.57) | 1.08 (−5.38,7.55) | 0.96 (−6.66,8.58) | CYC | −1.40 (−7.12,4.32) | −1.62 (−8.68,5.44) | −2.36 (−6.47,1.75) | −3.62 (−9.70,2.46) |
4.85 (−0.36,10.06) | 3.94 (−2.96,10.85) | 3.29 (−2.31,8.89) | 2.64 (−2.13,7.42) | 2.54 (−2.80,7.88) | 2.48 (−3.17,8.14) | 2.36 (−5.19,9.90) | 1.40 (−4.32,7.12) | AQU | −0.22 (−7.20,6.77) | −0.96 (−4.94,3.02) | −2.22 (−5.20,0.75) |
5.07 (−1.57,11.71) | 4.16 (−3.89,12.21) | 3.51 (−4.82,11.83) | 2.86 (−3.45,9.18) | 2.76 (−3.99,9.51) | 2.70 (−4.87,10.27) | 2.58 (−3.06,8.21) | 1.62 (−5.44,8.68) | 0.22 (−6.77,7.20) | TRD | −0.74 (−6.48,5.00) | −2.00 (−9.29,5.28) |
5.81 (2.45,9.17) | 4.90 (−0.74,10.54) | 4.25 (−1.79,10.28) | 3.60 (0.96,6.24) | 3.50 (−0.06,7.05) | 3.44 (−1.51,8.39) | 3.32 (−3.09,9.73) | 2.36 (−1.75,6.47) | 0.96 (−3.02,4.94) | 0.74 (−5.00,6.48) | CON | −1.26 (−5.75,3.22) |
7.07 (1.47,12.68) | 6.16 (−1.04,13.37) | 5.51 (0.46,10.55) | 4.87 (−0.34,10.07) | 4.76 (−0.96,10.48) | 4.71 (−0.97,10.38) | 4.58 (−3.24,12.40) | 3.62 (−2.46,9.70) | 2.22 (−0.75,5.20) | 2.00 (−5.28,9.29) | 1.26 (−3.22,5.75) | BLT |
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Hao, Z.; Zhang, X.; Chen, P. Effects of Ten Different Exercise Interventions on Motor Function in Parkinson’s Disease Patients—A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060698
Hao Z, Zhang X, Chen P. Effects of Ten Different Exercise Interventions on Motor Function in Parkinson’s Disease Patients—A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(6):698. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060698
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao, Zikang, Xiaodan Zhang, and Ping Chen. 2022. "Effects of Ten Different Exercise Interventions on Motor Function in Parkinson’s Disease Patients—A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials" Brain Sciences 12, no. 6: 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060698