Association between General Movements Assessment and Later Motor Delay (excluding Cerebral Palsy) in Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Assessment of GMs
2.3. Developmental Assessment at 3 and 6 Years of Age
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. DQ at 3 Years of Age
3.2. Items Related to Motor Function in the DQ Assessment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Normal FMs (n = 31) | Aberrant FMs (n = 12) | |
---|---|---|
Male/female (n) a | 12/27 | 2/10 |
Gestational age (weeks and days), mean ± SD b | 28 w 6 d ± 3 w 0 d | 27 w 5 d ± 2 w 6 d |
Birth weight (g), mean ± SD b | 1050.1 ± 278.1 | 826.8 ± 233.8 * |
Apgar score at 5 min, median (range) c | 8 (3–10) | 6 (3–9) * |
Duration of hospital stay (days), median (range) c | 74 (28–194) | 108 (28–151) |
Age at recording of spontaneous movements (weeks and days), mean ± SD b | 54 w 1 d ± 2 w 3 d | 54 w 0 d ± 2w 0 d |
Age at DQ assessment (years and months), median (range) c | 3 y 0 m (2 y 11 m–3 y 2m) | 3 y 0 m (2 y 11 m–3 y 1 m) |
Age at IQ assessment (years and months), median (range) c | 5 y 7 m (5 y 6 m–6 y 2 m) | 5 y 7 m (5 y 6 m–5 y 10 m) |
Classification | Definition |
---|---|
Normal FMs | FMs are small movements of moderate speed and variable acceleration of neck, trunk, and limbs in all directions that are continual in the awake infant during fussing and crying. |
Absence of FMs | No FMs can be observed, although other movements can occur. |
Abnormal FMs | Abnormal FMs look like normal FMs, but their amplitude, speed, and jerkiness are moderately or greatly exaggerated. Abnormal FMs are rare. |
Test Items Related to Motor Function | Normal FMs (n = 31) | Aberrant FMs (n = 12) | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Jump up with both feet in two or three repetitions | 93.5 | 83.3 |
2 | Jump at least two to three steps forward on one leg | 3.2 | 0 |
3 | Climb up and down the stairs by grasping the handrail (both feet may be placed together in each step) | 100 | 100 |
4 | Climb the stairs with alternating legs | 93.5 | 41.7 * |
5 | Jump from a 15–20 cm platform | 90.3 | 50.0 * |
6 | Stack five building blocks | 100 | 100 |
7 | Stack blocks to imitate a gate | 9.7 | 0 |
8 | Insert square plates into a hole | 100 | 100 |
9 | Fit the board into the frame | 100 | 100 |
10 | Fold paper (origami) | 29.0 | 33.3 |
11 | Hold boxes in hand and compare the weights | 22.6 | 8.3 |
12 | Draw a circular or spiral pattern | 100 | 100 |
13 | Draw a horizontal line | 93.5 | 91.7 |
14 | Draw a vertical line | 96.8 | 91.7 |
15 | Draw a cross | 64.5 | 66.7 |
16 | Draw a circle | 38.7 | 33.3 |
17 | Draw the necessary parts of an unfinished portrait | 9.7 | 8.3 |
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Gima, H.; Nakamura, T. Association between General Movements Assessment and Later Motor Delay (excluding Cerebral Palsy) in Low-Birth-Weight Infants. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060686
Gima H, Nakamura T. Association between General Movements Assessment and Later Motor Delay (excluding Cerebral Palsy) in Low-Birth-Weight Infants. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(6):686. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060686
Chicago/Turabian StyleGima, Hirotaka, and Tomohiko Nakamura. 2022. "Association between General Movements Assessment and Later Motor Delay (excluding Cerebral Palsy) in Low-Birth-Weight Infants" Brain Sciences 12, no. 6: 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060686
APA StyleGima, H., & Nakamura, T. (2022). Association between General Movements Assessment and Later Motor Delay (excluding Cerebral Palsy) in Low-Birth-Weight Infants. Brain Sciences, 12(6), 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060686