Association between Asthma and Suicidality in 9–12-Year-Old Youths
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Materials
2.1. Study Design
2.1.1. Sample
2.1.2. Exposures
2.1.3. Outcome Measures
2.1.4. Covariates
2.1.5. Other Measures
2.1.6. PRS-Asthma
2.1.7. Medication Use
2.2. Statistical Analysis
2.3. Validation of the Asthma Phenotype in ABCD Study
2.4. Main Analyses
Sensitivity Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence of Asthma and Suicidality in ABCD
3.2. Validation of the Asthma Phenotype in ABCD Study
3.3. Association of Asthma History with Suicidality
3.4. Association of Asthma Attacks with Suicidality
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ABCD Study | Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study |
IRB | Institutional Review Board |
SI | suicidal ideation |
SA | suicide attempt |
BPM | Brief Problem Monitor |
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Total Population a n = 11,876 | No Asthma n = 9591 | Asthma n = 2282 | p-Values | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age at the latest time point (2-year follow-up), mean (SD) | 12.00 (0.66) | 12.00 (0.66) | 12.01 (0.67) | 0.5500 |
Sex (female), n (%) | 5681 (47.8) | 4765 (49.7) | 914 (40.1) | <0.00001 |
Black race, n (%) | 2518 (21.2) | 1773 (18.5) | 743 (32.6) | <0.00001 |
White race, n (%) | 8804 (74.1) | 7300 (76.1) | 1503 (65.9) | <0.00001 |
Asian race, n (%) | 751 (6.3) | 626 (6.5) | 125 (5.5) | 0.0714 |
Hispanic ethnicity, n (%) | 2411 (20.3) | 1940 (20.2) | 471 (20.6) | 0.6129 |
Household income, mean on an ordinal scale from 1–10 (SD) | 7.54 (2.30) | 7.65 (2.25) | 7.07 (2.47) | <0.00001 |
Parent education, mean years (SD) | 16.50 (2.63) | 16.59 (2.64) | 16.15 (2.57) | <0.00001 |
Maternal age at participants’ birth, mean (SD) | 29.40 (6.27) | 29.58 (6.21) | 28.62 (6.49) | <0.00001 |
Area Deprivation Index: national percentiles, mean (SD) | 40.04 (26.97) | 38.94 (26.62) | 44.64 (27.96) | <0.00001 |
Adjusted population density, mean (SD) | 2212.95 (2777.16) | 2195.18 (2759.64) | 2290.04 (2850.74) | 0.1547 |
3 years average of ground level NO2 at 10 × 10 km2, mean (SD) | 2.45 (1.67) | 2.47 (1.68) | 2.39 (1.61) | 0.071 |
Annual average of PM 2.5 at 10 × 10 km2, mean (SD) | 7.53 (2.57) | 7.50 (2.56) | 7.67 (2.60) | 0.00588 |
Proximity to major roads, in meters, mean (SD) | 1185.68 (1281.58) | 1184.09 (1299.05) | 1192.03 (1205.15) | 0.7963 |
Asthma attack, n (%) | 927 (7.8) | 33 (0.3) | 894 (39.2) | <0.00001 |
Suicide ideation, n (%) | 2022 (17.0) | 1589 (16.6) | 433 (19.0) | 0.00465 |
Suicide attempt, n (%) | 354 (3.0) | 265 (2.8) | 89 (3.9) | 0.00785 |
Mean scores of average BPM scores across assessments, mean (SD) | 7.02 (5.25) | 6.92 (5.22) | 7.42 (5.35) | 0.00012 |
African Ancestry (n = 1567) | European Ancestry (n = 5642) | Meta Analyzed Sample (n = 7209) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratios | 95% CI | p | Odds Ratios | 95% CI | p | Odds Ratios | 95% CI | p | |
Asthma History | 1.08 | 0.96–1.21 | 0.222 | 1.49 | 1.37–1.62 | <0.001 | 1.332 | 1.2447–1.4253 | <0.0001 |
Asthma Attack | 1.12 | 0.96–1.31 | 0.153 | 1.81 | 1.59–2.06 | <0.001 | 1.4835 | 1.3430–1.6386 | <0.0001 |
Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 3 c | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p | |
Asthma history | 1.07 | 0.92–1.25 | 0.610 | 1.07 | 0.90–1.27 | 0.732 | 1.04 | 0.86–1.25 | 1 |
Asthma attack | 1.24 | 1.00–1.53 | 0.056 | 1.27 | 1.01–1.61 | 0.042 | 1.28 | 0.99–1.66 | 0.066 |
Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 3 c | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p | |
Asthma history | 1.37 | 1.00–1.87 | 0.046 | 1.46 | 1.03–2.05 | 0.028 | 1.33 | 0.92–1.93 | 0.162 |
Asthma attack | 1.59 | 1.05–2.40 | 0.024 | 1.83 | 1.18–2.86 | 0.004 | 1.92 | 1.20–3.09 | 0.004 |
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Hoffman, K.W.; Visoki, E.; Argabright, S.T.; Schultz, L.M.; Didomenico, G.E.; Tran, K.T.; Gordon, J.H.; Chaiyachati, B.H.; Moore, T.M.; Almasy, L.; et al. Association between Asthma and Suicidality in 9–12-Year-Old Youths. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121602
Hoffman KW, Visoki E, Argabright ST, Schultz LM, Didomenico GE, Tran KT, Gordon JH, Chaiyachati BH, Moore TM, Almasy L, et al. Association between Asthma and Suicidality in 9–12-Year-Old Youths. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(12):1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121602
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoffman, Kevin W., Elina Visoki, Stirling T. Argabright, Laura M. Schultz, Grace E. Didomenico, Kate T. Tran, Joshua H. Gordon, Barbara H. Chaiyachati, Tyler M. Moore, Laura Almasy, and et al. 2022. "Association between Asthma and Suicidality in 9–12-Year-Old Youths" Brain Sciences 12, no. 12: 1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121602