Molecular and Clinical Characterization of a Novel Prognostic and Immunologic Biomarker GPSM3 in Low-Grade Gliomas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection and Processing
2.2. Differential Expression Analysis and Survival Analysis
2.3. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), and Functional Enrichment Analysis
2.4. Immune Cell Infiltration Analysis
2.5. Clinical Samples and RT-qPCR Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis and Plot Generation
3. Results
3.1. The mRNA Expression of GPSM3 in LGGs
3.2. High Level of Expression of GPSM3 Predicted an Unfavorable Prognosis in the Patients with LGG
3.3. The Potential Functions of GPSM3
3.4. GPSM3 Regulated the Infiltration of Immune Cells in the LGGs
3.5. GPSM3-Related Inflammatory Responses
3.6. Correlation Analysis between GPSM3 and Immune Checkpoints
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Datasets | Characteristic | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCGA | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||||
Age | 2.89 | 1.98–4.23 | 0.000 | Age | 3.24 | 2.14–4.91 | 0.000 | |
Ethnicity | 1.26 | 0.46–3.44 | 0.645 | Ethnicity | 0.92 | 0.32–2.57 | 0.873 | |
Gender | 1.07 | 0.75–1.53 | 0.692 | Gender | 1.19 | 0.83–1.74 | 0.336 | |
Radiation | 2.07 | 0.89–4.79 | 0.088 | Radiation | 1.05 | 0.72–1.53 | 0.786 | |
GPSM3 | 2.41 | 1.65–3.54 | 0.000 | GPSM3 | 2.08 | 1.36–3.21 | 0.0001 | |
CGGA | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||||
Gender | 2.91 | 1.92–4.41 | 0.000 | Gender | 1.61 | 1.07–2.41 | 0.019 | |
Age | 1.27 | 0.90–1.81 | 0.016 | Age | 1.44 | 0.99–2.09 | 0.031 | |
Radio_status | 1.37 | 0.89–2.09 | 0.145 | Radio_status | 1.27 | 0.78–2.06 | 0.328 | |
Chemo_status | 0.94 | 0.64–1.38 | 0.788 | Chemo_status | 0.64 | 0.41–1.00 | 0.448 | |
IDH_mutation | 2.18 | 1.50–3.16 | 0.000 | IDH_mutation | 2.34 | 1.50–3.66 | 0.000 | |
X1p19q_codeletion | 2.78 | 1.78–4.33 | 0.000 | X1p19q_codeletion | 1.08 | 0.51–2.28 | 0.831 | |
MGMTp_methylation | 1.16 | 0.82–1.64 | 0.038 | MGMTp_methylation | 0.91 | 0.62–1.34 | 0.041 | |
GPSM3 | 1.24 | 0.878–1.76 | 0.000 | GPSM3 | 1.09 | 0.73–1.63 | 0.005 |
TCGA-KEGG | SIZE | ES | NES | NOM p-Value | CGGA-KEGG | SIZE | ES | NES | NOM p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEUKOCYTE_TRANSENDOTHELIAL_MIGRATION | 116 | 0.61 | 2.19 | 0 | ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_AND_PRESENTATION | 80 | 0.68 | 2.38 | 0 |
B_CELL_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY | 75 | 0.61 | 2.05 | 0 | PRIMARY_IMMUNODEFICIENCY | 65 | 0.77 | 2.36 | 0 |
PRIMARY_IMMUNODEFICIENCY | 65 | 0.74 | 2.01 | 0 | INTESTINAL_IMMUNE_NETWORK_FOR_IGA | 56 | 0.62 | 2.29 | 0 |
ACUTE_MYELOID_LEUKEMIA | 57 | 0.52 | 1.77 | 0.001 | CYTOKINE_RECEPTOR_INTERACTION | 115 | 0.63 | 2.26 | 0 |
CELL_ADHESION_MOLECULES_CAMS | 131 | 0.56 | 1.93 | 0.001 | B_CELL_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY | 74 | 0.61 | 2.22 | 0 |
NATURAL_KILLER_CELL_MEDIATED_CYTOTOXICITY | 132 | 0.54 | 1.96 | 0.004 | TOLL_LIKE_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY | 101 | 0.58 | 2.19 | 0.001 |
ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_AND_PRESENTATION | 81 | 0.66 | 2.02 | 0.004 | CELL_ADHESION_MOLECULES_CAMS | 128 | 0.55 | 2.06 | 0.004 |
T_CELL_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY | 107 | 0.52 | 1.84 | 0.005 | NATURAL_KILLER_CELL_MEDIATED_CYTOTOXICITY | 131 | 0.55 | 2.04 | 0.004 |
CYTOKINE_CYTOKINE_RECEPTOR_INTERACTION | 263 | 0.55 | 1.92 | 0.006 | JAK_STAT_SIGNALING_PATHWAY | 151 | 0.55 | 2.04 | 0.005 |
NOD_LIKE_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY | 62 | 0.56 | 1.84 | 0.009 | T_CELL_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY | 105 | 0.54 | 1.99 | 0.006 |
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Wang, M.; Jia, J.; Cui, Y.; Peng, Y.; Jiang, Y. Molecular and Clinical Characterization of a Novel Prognostic and Immunologic Biomarker GPSM3 in Low-Grade Gliomas. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1529. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111529
Wang M, Jia J, Cui Y, Peng Y, Jiang Y. Molecular and Clinical Characterization of a Novel Prognostic and Immunologic Biomarker GPSM3 in Low-Grade Gliomas. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11(11):1529. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111529
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Ming, Jiaoying Jia, Yan Cui, Yong Peng, and Yugang Jiang. 2021. "Molecular and Clinical Characterization of a Novel Prognostic and Immunologic Biomarker GPSM3 in Low-Grade Gliomas" Brain Sciences 11, no. 11: 1529. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111529