Interactional Effects of Multidimensional Perfectionism and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on Eating Disorder Symptoms in Female College Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Limitations of Previous Studies
1.2. Present Study
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Multidimensional Perfectionism
2.2.2. Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies
2.2.3. Disordered Eating Symptoms
2.2.4. Negative Affect
2.2.5. Depression and Anxiety
2.2.6. Personality Traits
2.2.7. Demographics
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Analysis Plan
3. Results
3.1. Measurement Models
3.2. Latent Moderated Structural Equation Analyses
3.2.1. Socially Prescribed Perfectionism
3.2.2. Self-Oriented Perfectionism
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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M | SD | Min | Max | Skewness | Kurtosis | Reliability 1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Criterion | |||||||
Disordered eating | |||||||
Shape concerns | 24.54 | 10.14 | 8.00 | 48 | 0.38 | −0.81 | 0.86 |
Weight concerns | 12.56 | 6.00 | 5.00 | 27 | 0.64 | −0.59 | 0.84 |
Eating concerns | 9.91 | 5.57 | 5.00 | 31 | 1.71 | 2.91 | 0.78 |
Restraint | 12.69 | 6.76 | 4.00 | 28 | 0.62 | −0.62 | 0.82 |
Focal Predictors | 0.77 | ||||||
Socially prescribed perfectionism | 57.26 | 10.05 | 33.00 | 85.00 | −0.04 | −0.16 | 0.77 |
Self-oriented perfectionism | 68.64 | 13.15 | 35.00 | 98.00 | −0.11 | −0.60 | 0.88 |
Moderators | |||||||
Rumination | 14.16 | 2.86 | 7.00 | 20.00 | −0.19 | −0.25 | 0.68 |
Catastrophizing | 9.72 | 3.43 | 4.00 | 18.00 | 0.36 | −0.68 | 0.81 |
Self-blame | 12.35 | 3.10 | 7.00 | 20.00 | 0.10 | −0.78 | 0.80 |
Covariates | |||||||
Negative affect | 22.88 | 8.00 | 10.00 | 49.00 | 0.657 | 0.248 | 0.90 |
Depressive symptoms | 11.61 | 4.61 | 0 | 23.00 | −0.068 | 0.222 | 0.89 |
Anxiety symptoms | 11.41 | 4.64 | 0 | 24.00 | 0.151 | 0.465 | 0.87 |
Neuroticism | 26.17 | 5.04 | 10.00 | 40.00 | 0.084 | 0.107 | 0.83 |
Conscientiousness | 29.43 | 4.75 | 11.00 | 37.00 | −0.775 | 0.943 | 0.72 |
Demographics | |||||||
Age (years) | 21.6 | 0.52 | 19.00 | 27 | 2.39 | 3.93 | - |
BMI | 20.69 | 2.56 | 15.35 | 30.12 | 0.55 | 0.61 | - |
Household income 2 | 2.43 | 1.47 | 1.00 | 6.00 | 1.12 | 0.45 | - |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. SPP | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
2. SOP | 0.36 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
3. Rumination | 0.19 | 0.26 | - | - | |||||||||||||
4. Catastrophizing | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.36 | - | |||||||||||||
5. Self-blame | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.52 | 0.28 | - | ||||||||||||
6. Global eating | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.12 | - | |||||||||||
7. Shape concerns | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.95 | - | ||||||||||
8. Weight concerns | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.93 | 0.90 | - | |||||||||
9. Eating concerns | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.84 | 0.70 | 0.70 | - | ||||||||
10. Restraint | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.77 | 0.63 | 0.61 | 0.59 | - | |||||||
11. Negative affect | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.12 | - | ||||||
12. Depressive symptoms | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.29 | 0.45 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.13 | 0.44 | - | |||||
13. Anxiety symptoms | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.17 | 0.53 | 0.80 | - | ||||
14. Neuroticism | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.44 | - | |||
15. Conscientiousness | −0.17 | 0.28 | −0.18 | −0.11 | −0.13 | −0.06 | −0.11 | 0.00 | −0.11 | 0.04 | −0.18 | −0.16 | −0.09 | −0.23 | - | ||
16. Age | 0.32 | −0.10 | 0.11 | −0.06 | 0.14 | −0.11 | −0.09 | −0.10 | −0.13 | −0.06 | 0.05 | −0.45 | −0.47 | 0.00 | −0.24 | - | |
17. BMI | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.43 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.11 | −0.02 | 0.10 | - |
18. Income | −0.01 | −0.14 | −0.13 | 0.00 | −0.11 | 0.01 | −0.04 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.04. | −0.07 | 0.01 | −0.04 | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.00 |
Χ2/df | RMSEA | SRMR | CFI | TLI | Log-Likelihood Ratio (Ho) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual measurement models | ||||||
Socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) | 0 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | - |
Self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) | 0 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | - |
Rumination | 0 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 1.000 | 1.000 | - |
Catastrophizing | 0 | 0.000 | 0.010 | 1.000 | 1.000 | - |
Self-blame | 0 | 0.000 | 0.006 | 1.000 | 1.000 | - |
Eating disorder (ED) symptoms | 0 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | - |
Full-measurement models | ||||||
SPP, ED symptoms, rumination | 1.12 | 0.028 | 0.051 | 0.994 | 0.992 | - |
SPP, ED symptoms, catastrophizing | 1.73 | 0.070 | 0.050 | 0.962 | 0.946 | - |
SPP, ED symptoms, self-blame | 1.60 | 0.064 | 0.066 | 0.972 | 0.959 | - |
SOP, ED symptoms, rumination | 1.37 | 0.050 | 0.053 | 0.984 | 0.978 | - |
SOP, ED symptoms, catastrophizing | 2.07 | 0.085 | 0.062 | 0.954 | 0.933 | - |
SOP, ED symptoms, self-blame | 1.46 | 0.056 | 0.065 | 0.981 | 0.973 | - |
Structural models | ||||||
Models with SPP as a focal predictor | ||||||
Rumination | ||||||
Baseline model | 2.84 | 0.112 | 0.160 | 0.777 | 0.730 | −2762.209 |
Alternate model 1 | - | - | - | - | - | −2761.984 |
Catastrophizing | ||||||
Baseline model | 2.70 | 0.107 | 0.107 | 0.791 | 0.749 | −2749.096 |
Alternate model 1 | - | - | - | - | - | −2747.615 |
Self-blame | ||||||
Baseline model | 2.46 | 0.099 | 0.132 | 0.824 | 0.788 | −2756.422 |
Alternate model 1 | - | - | - | - | - | −2792.622 |
Models with SOP as a focal predictor | ||||||
Rumination | ||||||
Baseline model | 3.12 | 0.120 | 0.160 | 0.780 | 0.731 | −2694.445 |
Alternate model 1 | - | - | - | - | - | −2695.438 |
Catastrophizing | ||||||
Baseline model 1 | 2.99 | 0.116 | 0.112 | 0.785 | 0.744 | −2689.587 |
Alternate model | - | - | - | - | - | −2688.996 |
Self-blame | ||||||
Baseline model | 3.52 | 0.131 | 0.140 | 0.734 | 0.684 | −2737.771 |
Alternate model 1 | - | - | - | - | - | −2736.300 |
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Tng, G.Y.Q.; Yang, H. Interactional Effects of Multidimensional Perfectionism and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on Eating Disorder Symptoms in Female College Students. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1374. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111374
Tng GYQ, Yang H. Interactional Effects of Multidimensional Perfectionism and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on Eating Disorder Symptoms in Female College Students. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11(11):1374. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111374
Chicago/Turabian StyleTng, Germaine Y. Q., and Hwajin Yang. 2021. "Interactional Effects of Multidimensional Perfectionism and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on Eating Disorder Symptoms in Female College Students" Brain Sciences 11, no. 11: 1374. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111374