Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Tinnitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Eligibility Criteria
2.4. Risk of Bias Assessment
2.5. Data Extraction
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Identification and Selection
3.2. Study Characteristics and Risk of Bias Assessment
3.3. Outcomes
3.3.1. THI Scores after LLLT
3.3.2. Improvement Rate According to Rating Scale Scores
3.3.3. Subgroup Analysis in Patients with SNHL or Idiopathic Tinnitus
3.3.4. Subgroup Analysis According to the Number of Irradiation Sessions
3.3.5. Subgroup Analysis According to Wavelength Setting
3.4. Influence Analysis
3.5. Trial Sequential Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Location | Laser Modality | Sample Size | Mean Age in Treatment Group | Mean Age in Control Group | Comorbidity | Tinnitus Duration (Month) | Control | Irradiation Session | Treatment Laterality | Post-Intervention Measurement | Reported Adverse Events | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scale | Timing | ||||||||||||
Choi et al., 2019 [1] | Korea | 100 mW; 830 nm; 20 min/day for 10 sessions | 38 | 53.3 | 58.4 | SNHL | >3 M | Sham laser | Fewer irradiation sessions | Unilateral | THI-total | Immediately | No AEs observed |
Dehkordi et al., 2015 [25] | Iran | 5 mV; 650 nm; 20 min/day for 20 sessions | 66 | 52.5 | 46.8 | Idiopathic | Treatment group: 48 M Control group: 34 M | Sham laser | More irradiation sessions | Unilateral | NRS-loudness | Immediately | NR |
Mirvakili et al., 2014 [26] | Iran | 5 mW; 650 nm; 20 min/day for 20 sessions | 120 | 41.08 | 39.43 | SNHL | >12 M | Sham laser | More irradiation sessions | NR | VAS-loudness | Immediately | NR |
Nago et al., 2014 [27] | Malaysia | 5 mW; 650 nm; 20 min/day for 70 sessions | 43 | 56.5 | 58.7 | Idiopathic | >6 M | Sham laser | More irradiation sessions | NR | VAS-loudness | Immediately | NR |
Mollasadeghi et al., 2013 [32] | Iran | 5 mW; 650 nm; 20 min/day for 20 sessions | 82 | 41.17 | SNHL (NIHL) | 22 M (average) | Sham laser | More irradiation sessions | NR | VAS-loudness | Immediately | NR | |
Teggi et al., 2009 [28] | Italy | 5 mW; 650 nm; 20 min/day for 90 sessions | 54 | 51.6 | 53.1 | SNHL | Treatment group: 26 M Control group: 26 M | Sham laser | More irradiation sessions | Unilateral | THI-total | Immediately | NR |
Cuda et al., 2008 [29] | Italy | 5 mW; 650 nm; 20 min/day for 90 sessions | 46 | 50.3 | 64.4 | Mixed (84.8% HL; 15.2% idiopathic) | >36 M | Sham laser | More irradiation sessions | NR | THI-total | Immediately | NR |
Gungor et al., 2008 [23] | Turkey | 5 mW; 650 nm; 15 min/day for 7 sessions | 66 * | 55.8 | Mixed (54% HL; 45% idiopathic) | 96 M (average) | Sham laser | Fewer irradiation sessions | Unilateral | VRS-loudness | 2 weeks after treatment | No AEs observed | |
Rhee et al., 2006 [30] | Korea | 67 mW; 830 nm; 20 min/day for 12 sessions | 50 | 49.2 | 52.3 | Idiopathic | Treatment group: 17 M Control group: 20 M | NR | Fewer irradiation sessions | NR | THI-total | 1 week after treatment | No AEs observed |
Nakashima et al., 2002 [24] | Japan | 60 mW; 810 nm; 6 min per week for 4 sessions | 64 * | 52.4 | 55.2 | SNHL | NR | Sham laser | Fewer irradiation sessions | NR | VRS-loudness | 1 week after treatment | Sudden deafness and dizziness |
Mirz et al., 1999 [31] | Denmark | 50 mW; 830 nm; 15 min/time for 15 sessions | 41 | 48.6 | 48.7 | Idiopathic | Treatment group: 70 M Control group: 62 M | Sham laser | Fewer irradiation sessions | Unilateral | THI-total | Immediately | NR |
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Chen, C.-H.; Huang, C.-Y.; Chang, C.-Y.; Cheng, Y.-F. Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Tinnitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120931
Chen C-H, Huang C-Y, Chang C-Y, Cheng Y-F. Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Tinnitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10(12):931. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120931
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Chih-Hao, Chii-Yuan Huang, Chun-Yu Chang, and Yen-Fu Cheng. 2020. "Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Tinnitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis" Brain Sciences 10, no. 12: 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120931