An Efficient Resource Allocation Algorithm for Device-To-Device Communications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (a)
- Establishing a user’s preference list based on distance is not the best option;
- (b)
- It does not take into account the limitations of cellular subscriber quality when assigning resources to cellular users at one time;
- (c)
- Only one D2D pair is allowed to share the spectrum resources of one cellular user, so as the number of D2D users increases, the spectrum utilization cannot be improved;
- (d)
- The simulation environment only considers a single-cell cellular network and does not consider the case of heterogeneous cellular networks.
- It effectively solves the resource allocation shortcomings of D2D users multiplexed with cellular user channels in heterogeneous cellular network environments.
- The algorithm allows multiple D2D users to share the channel resources of one cellular user and ensures the quality of service (QoS) of the cellular users and D2D users by setting the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) threshold, in order to improve the utilization of the wireless spectrum.
- A D2D user and channel preference list are established based on the implemented system capacity to maximize the system total capacity objective function.
- The KM algorithm is used to allocate channels for D2D clusters to maximize the total capacity of D2D users [21].
2. System Model and Problem Planning
2.1. System Model
2.2. Problem Planning
3. Proposed Algorithm
- (a)
- A collection Association of channels and D2D users, the Association(k) indicates that channel k contains already matched D2D users;
- (b)
- list of channels that D2D users most want to multiplex, , the user preference list shows that is the first element of the Due_list(k) list;
- (c)
- Define Cluster(k) as the set of D2D user pairs that currently want to multiplex channel k. For example, Cluster(k) = {1, 3, 4} means that the current 1, 3, and 4 D2D user pairs most want to multiplex channel k, i.e., Cluster(k);
- (d)
- No matching D2D user representation of the set as UNMATCH;
- (e)
- The total number of channels N, the number of iterations is Iteration, and the maximum number of iterations is MAXGEN.
Algorithm 1 M21GS Algorithm |
1: Initialization: Set system parameters such as the number of users, transmit power, path loss, etc., to allocate channels for macro cell users and micro cell users. |
2: Establish user preference list Due_list, channel preference list Channel_list, initialization parameters Association, Cluster, UNMATCH. |
3: While iteration < MAXGEN do |
4: if UNMATCH = Ø |
5: for k = 1 to N do |
6: Set D2D user k on current channel S = 0 |
7: if Cluster(k) ≠ Ø and S ≤ 2 |
8: Find from the set Cluster(k) according to the channel k preference list Channel_list(k) to the highest priority D2D user d |
9: Calculate the objective function of the macrocell, microcell and D2D users using Equation (6) |
10: Determine the SINRs of the macrocell user, microcell and D2D user using Equation (7)–(9) |
11: Assign the channel to the microcell user if Equations (10) is satisfied |
12: Assign the channel to the D2D users if Equation (11) is satisfied |
13: if the constraints of Equations (7)–(11) are satisfied |
14: Association(k) = Association(k) {d} |
15: UNMATCH = UNMATCH{d} |
16: S = S + 1 |
17: else |
18: Due_list(d) = Due_list(d) , update and Cluster(k) |
19: end |
20: Cluster(k)=Cluster(k) {d} |
21: end |
22: for r ∈ Cluster(k) |
23: Due_list(r) = Due_list(r) |
24: end |
25: end |
26: if Due_list(w) = Ø (w ∈ H) |
27: UNMATCH=UNMATCH{w} |
28: end |
29: end |
30: Iteration = Iteration+1 |
31: End |
32: Use the KM algorithm to achieve the optimal matching between D2D clusters and cellular users’ channels [21]. |
- (a)
- First initialize the D2D user and channel preference list, set Association, unmatched D2D pair set UNMATCH, transmit power, and other parameters.
- (b)
- Lines 3–27 are the core part of the algorithm, and the loop will only terminate if the maximum number of iterations is reached. Lines 7–17 of the algorithm indicate that for each subchannel k, first find a D2D user pair d that currently wants to multiplex channel k from the set Cluster(k), and then check if the user pair satisfies Equations (7)–(11) constraints. If the condition is met, continue to add to the Association(k) according to the preference list of channel k D2D users until there are two D2D pairs and channel k share resources, otherwise update the D2D user preference list, Cluster(k) and Pre.
- (c)
- Lines 18–20 of the algorithm indicate that there are already two D2D pairs on channel k. If there is a D2D pair r in the set Cluster(k) that wants to multiplex channel k, then channel k refuses to allocate resources to the D2D pair r, updating the D2D pair r preference list.
- (d)
- Lines 22~24 of the algorithm indicate that in the final stage of the algorithm, some D2D users cannot find suitable channel resources due to the limitation of the signal-to-noise ratio threshold. This article also assumes that such users have found the right resources to remove these D2D users from the collection UNMATCH.
4. Simulation Results
4.1. Simulation Environment Establishment
4.2. Complexity and Performance Analysis
4.2.1. Complexity Analysis
- (a)
- The complexity of the random resource allocation algorithm increases linearly with the increase of the number of cellular users, that is, (where is the number of macro cellular users), and the algorithm calculates the lowest amount.
- (b)
- The worst-case complexity of the DARA scheme [16] is , and the average complexity is .
- (c)
- The optimal algorithm is an exhaustive search algorithm that satisfies the constraints, and needs to traverse all possible allocation methods with the highest computational amount.
- (d)
- The complexity of the CG algorithm [20] is where is the number of channels.
- (e)
4.2.2. Performance Analysis
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions and Future Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
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D2D User Pair | Preference Level | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 |
2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Cell Radius | 1000 m |
Number of channels that D2D users can share | 2 |
Macrocell subscribers (number of channels) | 10~50 |
Microcell base station density | 10−5/m2 |
Channel bandwidth | 0.18 MHz |
D2D user transmit power | 20 dBm |
Macro and micro cell user transmit power | 20 dBm |
Gaussian white noise density | −174 dBm/Hz |
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Saraereh, O.A.; Mohammed, S.L.; Khan, I.; Rabie, K.; Affess, S. An Efficient Resource Allocation Algorithm for Device-To-Device Communications. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 3816. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183816
Saraereh OA, Mohammed SL, Khan I, Rabie K, Affess S. An Efficient Resource Allocation Algorithm for Device-To-Device Communications. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(18):3816. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183816
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaraereh, Omar A., Saleem Latteef Mohammed, Imran Khan, Khaled Rabie, and Sofeine Affess. 2019. "An Efficient Resource Allocation Algorithm for Device-To-Device Communications" Applied Sciences 9, no. 18: 3816. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183816
APA StyleSaraereh, O. A., Mohammed, S. L., Khan, I., Rabie, K., & Affess, S. (2019). An Efficient Resource Allocation Algorithm for Device-To-Device Communications. Applied Sciences, 9(18), 3816. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183816