Optimization of AZ91D Process and Corrosion Resistance Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. WAAM (Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing)
2.2. Experimental Setup
2.3. Sample Preparation
2.4. Experimental Design
2.4.1. Optical Microscope
2.4.2. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
2.4.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS)
2.4.4. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Sample Preparation
3.2. Microscopic Analysis
3.3. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
3.4. Microstructure after Corrosion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Density | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Compressive Strength (MPa) | Fracture Toughness (MPa/m2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Natural Bone | 1.8–2.1 | 3–20 | 130–180 | 3–6 |
Ti alloy | 4.4–4.5 | 110–170 | 758–1117 | 55–115 |
Co-Cr Alloy | 8.3–9.2 | 230 | 450–1000 | N/A |
Stainless Steel | 7.9–8.1 | 189–205 | 170–310 | 50–200 |
Magnesium | 1.74–2.0 | 41–45 | 64–100 | 15–40 |
Element | Wt % |
---|---|
Al | 8.5–9.5 |
Zn | 0.45–0.9 |
Si | 0.05 max |
Mn | 0.17 max |
Cu | 0.015 max |
Fe | 0.004 max |
Ni | 0.001 max |
Other | 0.01 max |
Mg | Balance |
Current (Ampere) | Printing Speed (mm/min) | Heat Input (kJ/mm) |
---|---|---|
30 | 120 | 0.225 |
30 | 135 | 0.200 |
30 | 150 | 0.180 |
32.5 | 120 | 0.244 |
32.5 | 135 | 0.217 |
32.5 | 150 | 0.195 |
35 | 120 | 0.263 |
35 | 135 | 0.233 |
35 | 150 | 0.210 |
37.5 | 120 | 0.281 |
37.5 | 135 | 0.250 |
37.5 | 150 | 0.225 |
40 | 120 | 0.300 |
40 | 135 | 0.267 |
40 | 150 | 0.240 |
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Han, S.; Zielewski, M.; Martinez Holguin, D.; Michel Parra, M.; Kim, N. Optimization of AZ91D Process and Corrosion Resistance Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing. Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 1306. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081306
Han S, Zielewski M, Martinez Holguin D, Michel Parra M, Kim N. Optimization of AZ91D Process and Corrosion Resistance Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8(8):1306. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081306
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Seungkyu, Matthew Zielewski, David Martinez Holguin, Monica Michel Parra, and Namsoo Kim. 2018. "Optimization of AZ91D Process and Corrosion Resistance Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing" Applied Sciences 8, no. 8: 1306. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081306