The Application of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol for the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Chokeberry Pomace
1
Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka St., Warsaw 02-532, Poland
2
Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka St., Warsaw 02-532, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Jose Augusto Paixao Coelho
Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(4), 322; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7040322
Received: 22 December 2016 / Revised: 20 March 2017 / Accepted: 21 March 2017 / Published: 25 March 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide)
Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot) is a fruit with exceptionally high levels of phenolic compounds which are accumulated mainly in the peel; hence, the majority remains in the leftovers after juice production. Extraction with the use of carbon dioxide in supercritical conditions was used to isolate phenolic compounds from the pomace. The effect of the process parameters (temperature; pressure; and the addition of ethanol) on the extraction yields and properties of the extracts was investigated. The anthocyanin and total phenolic compound content, as well as the scavenging activity against five selected radicals, were evaluated. The best results were acquired for 35 °C, 10 MPa, and 80% m/m ethanol addition, the yield of phenolic compounds was 1.52 g per 100 g of pomace. The amount of extracted phenolics and the antioxidative attributes of the extracts were highly correlated. The impact of supercritical carbon dioxide density on the amount of recovered compounds was confirmed. The use of supercritical CO2 led to a significant reduction in the volume of organic solvent required for extraction.
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Keywords:
chokeberry; extraction; phenolic compounds; pomace; supercritical carbon dioxide
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MDPI and ACS Style
Woźniak, Ł.; Marszałek, K.; Skąpska, S.; Jędrzejczak, R. The Application of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol for the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Chokeberry Pomace. Appl. Sci. 2017, 7, 322.
AMA Style
Woźniak Ł, Marszałek K, Skąpska S, Jędrzejczak R. The Application of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol for the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Chokeberry Pomace. Applied Sciences. 2017; 7(4):322.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWoźniak, Łukasz; Marszałek, Krystian; Skąpska, Sylwia; Jędrzejczak, Renata. 2017. "The Application of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol for the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Chokeberry Pomace" Appl. Sci. 7, no. 4: 322.
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