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Volume 15
Issue 22
10.3390/app152212345
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Comparison of Pretreatment Methods for Obtaining Collagen Hydrolysates from the Swim Bladder of Totoaba macdonaldi and Their Negative Impact on Cancer Cells

by
Evelin Martínez-Benavidez
1,*,
Angélica María Vergara-Pineda
1,
Jesús Cervantes-Martínez
1,
José Leonardo Puch-Sánchez
1,
Sandra Daniela Bravo
1,
Ofelia Yadira Lugo-Melchor
1,
Hugo S. García
2 and
Inocencio Higuera-Ciapara
3,4,*
1
Unidad de Servicios Analíticos y Metrológicos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A. C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
2
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Veracruz, Veracruz 91897, Veracruz, Mexico
3
Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
4
Dirección de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, S.C., Mérida 97302, Yucatán, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(22), 12345; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152212345 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 19 October 2025 / Revised: 8 November 2025 / Accepted: 10 November 2025 / Published: 20 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The search for therapeutic bioactive peptides has led to the utilization of marine byproducts as collagen sources. This study evaluated the effect of collagen hydrolysates (CH) obtained from the swim bladder (SB) of Totoaba macdonaldi on breast (MCF-7) and colorectal (Caco-2) adenocarcinoma cells and on human dermal fibroblasts (CRL-1474), considering the need for less invasive and less toxic treatment alternatives. Two pretreatment methods for the SB were compared: (1) NaOH and butanol (SBPT), and (2) hexane (SBDF). The pretreated tissues underwent direct enzymatic hydrolysis using bromelain. The resulting hydrolysates were characterized by SDS-PAGE, Raman spectroscopy, and chromatographic profiling. Both pretreatments preserved the structure of type I collagen. Bromelain hydrolysis was efficient, yielding peptides with molecular weights below 20 kDa for CH-SBPT and below 10 kDa for CH-SBDF. CH of Totoaba macdonaldi significantly reduced MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells viability, particularly at 20 mg/mL. In CRL-1474 fibroblasts, CH-SBDF stimulated cell proliferation, while CH-SBPT had neutral effects. Hexane pretreatment is a viable alternative to NaOH, reducing processing steps without compromising yield or bioactivity. CH derived from Totoaba macdonaldi exhibit promising anticancer and regenerative properties, suggesting potential biomedical applications. Further research is needed to isolate specifically active peptides and elucidate their mechanisms of action.
Keywords: Totoaba macdonaldi; collagen hydrolysates; swim bladder; breast adenocarcinoma; colorectal adenocarcinoma; dermal fibroblast Totoaba macdonaldi; collagen hydrolysates; swim bladder; breast adenocarcinoma; colorectal adenocarcinoma; dermal fibroblast

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MDPI and ACS Style

Martínez-Benavidez, E.; Vergara-Pineda, A.M.; Cervantes-Martínez, J.; Puch-Sánchez, J.L.; Bravo, S.D.; Lugo-Melchor, O.Y.; García, H.S.; Higuera-Ciapara, I. Comparison of Pretreatment Methods for Obtaining Collagen Hydrolysates from the Swim Bladder of Totoaba macdonaldi and Their Negative Impact on Cancer Cells. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 12345. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152212345

AMA Style

Martínez-Benavidez E, Vergara-Pineda AM, Cervantes-Martínez J, Puch-Sánchez JL, Bravo SD, Lugo-Melchor OY, García HS, Higuera-Ciapara I. Comparison of Pretreatment Methods for Obtaining Collagen Hydrolysates from the Swim Bladder of Totoaba macdonaldi and Their Negative Impact on Cancer Cells. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(22):12345. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152212345

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martínez-Benavidez, Evelin, Angélica María Vergara-Pineda, Jesús Cervantes-Martínez, José Leonardo Puch-Sánchez, Sandra Daniela Bravo, Ofelia Yadira Lugo-Melchor, Hugo S. García, and Inocencio Higuera-Ciapara. 2025. "Comparison of Pretreatment Methods for Obtaining Collagen Hydrolysates from the Swim Bladder of Totoaba macdonaldi and Their Negative Impact on Cancer Cells" Applied Sciences 15, no. 22: 12345. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152212345

APA Style

Martínez-Benavidez, E., Vergara-Pineda, A. M., Cervantes-Martínez, J., Puch-Sánchez, J. L., Bravo, S. D., Lugo-Melchor, O. Y., García, H. S., & Higuera-Ciapara, I. (2025). Comparison of Pretreatment Methods for Obtaining Collagen Hydrolysates from the Swim Bladder of Totoaba macdonaldi and Their Negative Impact on Cancer Cells. Applied Sciences, 15(22), 12345. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152212345

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