Designing and Manufacturing an Affordable and Easy to Use Visual Bio Feedback Device to Fix Forward Head Posture: A Pilot Study Involving Female Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. FHP Reasons and Causes
1.2. Treatment Modalities and Strategies
2. Related Works
- Apply biofeedback (visual feedback) techniques in an innovative manner to address anatomical issues related to the cervical vertebrae.
- Develop a pioneering system that utilizes accelerometer sensors to comprehensively characterize neck angular behavior.
- Seamlessly integrate the developed system with the MATLAB program’s graphical interface.
- Provide individuals with a visual representation of their neck behavior to enhance awareness.
- Enable individuals to observe and gain awareness of maladaptive neck positioning.
- Foster a pathway for self-correction of neck angle anomalies.
- Empower individuals to actively participate in improving their health and wellbeing through visual feedback methodologies.
3. Materials and Method
3.1. Participants
3.2. Hardware
3.3. Software
- Data Acquisition: data from the Arduino are read from the file using the ‘fscanf’ command. The program defines parameters related to the accelerometer sensor, including ‘MaxValue’, ‘Resolution’, ‘Fs’ (sampling frequency), and ‘MaxAcc_g’.
- Data Storage Loop: a loop is established to collect accelerometer sensor values, specifically, the acceleration values in the Earth’s gravity direction (x, y, and z axes); these values are stored in the ‘xyz’ variable over a period of 120 s.
- Visualization Step: the program employs the ‘plot’ command to draw a blue circle at the center of the monitor screen to serve as a reference point, and maintains it on the screen using the ‘hold on’ command.
- Angle Calculation: the accelerometer sensor supplies data regarding the Earth’s gravitational acceleration in the x, y, and z directions. Using these values, the program computes the head’s angle for both forward and backward bending as well as left and right bending directions using Equations (2) and (3), respectively.
3.4. Data Collection and Protocol
3.5. Metrics
DFA Number
3.6. Statistical Analysis and Results
4. Results
4.1. Maximum Head Angle Deviation
4.2. DFA Number
5. Conclusions and Suggestions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Neck Angular Position | Intensity of Pressure in the Neck (kg) |
---|---|
4–5 | Head in normal position |
12 | Head forward =15 degrees |
18 | Head forward = 30 degrees |
22 | Head forward = 45 degrees |
27 | Head forward = 60 degrees |
Method | Principle |
---|---|
Surface Electromyography (sEMG) | Measures muscle activity in the neck and upper back, offering feedback on muscle activation during poor posture [32]. |
Pressure Biofeedback | Utilizes a device under the neck or upper back to measure pressure changes, aiding in teaching individuals how to maintain proper posture [33]. |
Wearable Posture Sensors | Devices such as posture correctors or sensors provide real-time alerts or reminders when users deviate from correct posture, encouraging better habits [34]. |
Visual Feedback Systems | Mirrors, video monitoring, or software applications offer visual cues about current posture, allowing users to adjust and correct their alignment [35]. |
Auditory Feedback Devices | Devices produce sounds or alerts when posture deviates, serving as a reminder to adjust and maintain proper alignment [36]. |
Virtual Reality (VR) Augmented Reality (AR) | Postures is simulated to provide interactive feedback in order to help individuals learn to correct their forward head posture [37]. |
Day | VF Group | Control Group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Session 1 | Session 2 | Session 3 | Session 1 | Session 2 | Session 3 | |
1 | 28.11 ± 2.76 | 15.57 ± 3.02 | 16.56 ± 3.30 | 28.97 ± 3.36 | 27.39 ± 2.78 | 27.72 ± 3.56 |
2 | 23.57 ± 4.16 | 13.30 ± 2.51 | 13.79 ± 3.02 | 27.86 ± 3.04 | 28.54 ± 2.99 | 28.20 ± 3.52 |
3 | 21.77 ± 3.60 | 10.57 ± 2.07 | 12.85 ± 1.68 | 28.40 ± 3.12 | 28.01 ± 2.74 | 28.54 ± 3.04 |
4 | 17.99 ± 4.25 | 11.71 ± 3.14 | 9.89 ± 2.29 | 28.42 ± 2.99 | 28.56 ± 2.88 | 27.68 ± 2.80 |
5 | 14.41 ± 1.80 | 13.20 ± 3.28 | 11.38 ± 2.29 | 27.69 ± 3.34 | 27.90 ± 2.78 | 29.27 ± 2.83 |
6 | 15.60 ± 3.04 | 11.55 ± 3.19 | 11.26 ± 1.74 | 28.24 ± 3.21 | 27.60 ± 3.14 | 28.15 ± 2.82 |
7 | 14.91 ± 3.49 | 11.38 ± 3.30 | 13.34 ± 2.69 | 29.08 ± 2.91 | 27.26 ± 2.96 | 27.46 ± 3.70 |
8 | 13.73 ± 2.29 | 12.64 ± 2.26 | 11.12 ± 2.81 | 28.60 ± 2.74 | 28.66 ± 3.28 | 27.44 ± 2.91 |
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Emadi Andani, M.; Lotfalian, B.; Moshayedi, A.J. Designing and Manufacturing an Affordable and Easy to Use Visual Bio Feedback Device to Fix Forward Head Posture: A Pilot Study Involving Female Students. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 781. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020781
Emadi Andani M, Lotfalian B, Moshayedi AJ. Designing and Manufacturing an Affordable and Easy to Use Visual Bio Feedback Device to Fix Forward Head Posture: A Pilot Study Involving Female Students. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(2):781. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020781
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmadi Andani, Mehran, Bahar Lotfalian, and Ata Jahangir Moshayedi. 2024. "Designing and Manufacturing an Affordable and Easy to Use Visual Bio Feedback Device to Fix Forward Head Posture: A Pilot Study Involving Female Students" Applied Sciences 14, no. 2: 781. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020781
APA StyleEmadi Andani, M., Lotfalian, B., & Moshayedi, A. J. (2024). Designing and Manufacturing an Affordable and Easy to Use Visual Bio Feedback Device to Fix Forward Head Posture: A Pilot Study Involving Female Students. Applied Sciences, 14(2), 781. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020781