Aerodynamic Analysis of Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Moving in Swarm
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Geometry
2.2. Meshing
2.3. Governing Equations
2.4. Validation
2.5. Aerodynamic Analysis of Single UAV
3. Aerodynamic Analysis of the Close-Formation Flight for Two UAVs
3.1. Formation Sequences
3.2. Mesh Independence
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The characteristics in the aerodynamic interaction region of the longitudinal distance behind the UAV do not change greatly.
- (2)
- Two UAVs flying in close formation should avoid flying inside the wing line to avoid entering the downwash area, as this can have a negative interaction.
- (3)
- For the most efficient aerodynamic performance in close flight of swarm UAVs, they must fly at the same altitude, i.e., in the same vertical alignment.
- (4)
- For b wingspan, the most aerodynamically efficient spots for close-formation flight are lateral distances of 0.875b and 1b.
- (5)
- Considering CL/CD as an aerodynamic performance parameter, in the most efficient flight positions, the trailing UAV has an efficiency increase of about 11.5% compared to a single flight.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Wingspan | 12 m |
Length | 6.5 m |
Chord length (mean) | 0.78 m |
Height | 1.6 m |
Area | 9.34 m2 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Altitude | 5500 m |
Density | 0.6975 kg/m3 |
Viscosity | 1.6115 × 10−5 kg/(m·s) |
Velocity | 36.01 m/s |
Re | 1,215,714.58 |
∆z | ∆y = 3.2 m | ∆y = 1.6 m | ∆y = 0 m | ∆y = −1.6 m | ∆y = −3.2 m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 m | Analysis 1 | Analysis 2 | Analysis 3 | Analysis 4 | Analysis 5 |
15 m | Analysis 6 | Analysis 7 | Analysis 8 | Analysis 9 | Analysis 10 |
12 m | Analysis 11 | Analysis 12 | Analysis 13 | Analysis 14 | Analysis 15 |
9 m | Analysis 16 | Analysis 17 | Analysis 18 | Analysis 19 | Analysis 20 |
10.5 m | Analysis 21 | Analysis 22 | Analysis 23 | Analysis 24 | Analysis 25 |
7.5 m | Analysis 26 | Analysis 27 | Analysis 28 | Analysis 29 | Analysis 30 |
13.5 m | Analysis 31 | Analysis 32 | Analysis 33 | Analysis 34 | Analysis 35 |
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İnan, A.T.; Ceylan, M. Aerodynamic Analysis of Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Moving in Swarm. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 6463. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156463
İnan AT, Ceylan M. Aerodynamic Analysis of Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Moving in Swarm. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(15):6463. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156463
Chicago/Turabian Styleİnan, Ahmet Talat, and Mustafa Ceylan. 2024. "Aerodynamic Analysis of Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Moving in Swarm" Applied Sciences 14, no. 15: 6463. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156463
APA Styleİnan, A. T., & Ceylan, M. (2024). Aerodynamic Analysis of Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Moving in Swarm. Applied Sciences, 14(15), 6463. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156463