Prediction of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction Using Linear and Angular Measurements in Young Adult Orthopantomograms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Condyle length from the highest point of the mandibular condyle’s head to lowest point of the mandibular sigmoid notch plane, along the long axis of the condylar process.
- Coronoid length from the highest point of the mandibular coronoid process to the lowest point of the mandibular sigmoid notch plane, along the long axis of the coronoid process.
- Ramus height from the lowest point of the mandibular sigmoid notch to the point in the antegonial notch of the mandible, the ramus and body of the mandible are joined.
- Total ramus height from the highest point of the mandibular condyle’s head to the intersection point of the ramus plane and the mandibular plane.
- Ramal width from the deepest point of the anterior ramus notch concavity to the deepest point of the posterior ramus notch concavity.
- Mandibular body length from the intersection point of the ramus plane and the mandibular plane to the midpoint of the mandible.
- Sigmoid notch depth: the perpendicular line from the lowest point of the mandibular sigmoid notch to a line from the condylion and coronoid process.
- Posterior ramus notch depth from the perpendicular line from the deepest point of the posterior ramus notch concavity to the line that connects the point where the external contour of the cranial base intersects with the dorsal contour of the condylar head to the point of maximal convexity on the posterior border of the angular process of the mandible.
- Anterior ramus notch depth from the perpendicular line from the deepest point of the anterior ramus notch concavity to the perpendicolar line to the plane of the sigmoid notch and tangent to the descending anterior border of the ramus of the mandible.
- Antegonial notch depth from the perpendicular line from the deepest point of the mandibular inferior border notch concavity to the mandibular plane.
- Third molar width from the mesial aspect to distal aspect of third molar.
Variable | Control Group (A) | Experimental Group (B) | p Value * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
1. Condyle length (cm) | 1.77 | 0.41 | 1.84 | 0.45 | 0.463 |
2. Coronoid length (cm) | 1.37 | 0.46 | 1.53 | 0.36 | 0.080 |
3. Ramus height (cm) | 6.37 | 0.57 | 6.18 | 0.68 | 0.199 |
4. Total ramus height (cm) | 7.40 | 0.73 | 7.30 | 0.80 | 0.540 |
5. Ramal width (cm) | 3.62 | 0.52 | 3.66 | 0.39 | 0.676 |
6. Mandibular body length (cm) | 10.97 | 1.24 | 10.90 | 1.11 | 0.787 |
7. Sigmoid notch depth (cm) | 1.43 | 0.33 | 1.59 | 0.31 | 0.030 |
8. Posterior ramus notch depth (cm) | 0.25 | 0.14 | 0.30 | 0.14 | 0.088 |
9. Anterior ramus notch depth (cm) | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.490 |
10. Antegonial notch depth (cm) | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.515 |
11. Third molar width (cm) | 1.38 | 0.27 | 1.41 | 0.14 | 0.424 |
Retromolar space (cm) | 1.52 | 0.63 | 1.14 | 0.60 | 0.007 |
1. Angle condyle—coronoid process (deg) | 30.13 | 5.35 | 29.53 | 4.81 | 0.599 |
2. Gonial angle (deg) | 124.84 | 6.78 | 122.63 | 68.33 | 0.195 |
3.Inclination of lower posterior teeth (deg) | 95.53 | 5.93 | 92.65 | 6.23 | 0.521 |
4. Angle of impaction (deg) | 88.61 | 16.72 | 68.53 | 34.06 | 0.002 |
Retromolar space/3M width (ratio) | 1.09 | 0.40 | 0.81 | 0.44 | 0.004 |
- Angle condyle—coronoid process: the intersection between the highest point of the mandibular condyle’s head to the highest point of the mandibular coronoid process.
- Gonial angle: the intersection between the line that connects the point where the external contour of the cranial base intersects with the dorsal contour of the condylar head to the point of maximal convexity on the posterior border of the angular process of the mandible and the mandibular plane.
- Inclination of lower posterior teeth: the intersection between the mandibular plane and the long axis of the first molar.
- Angle of impaction: the intersection between the mandibular plane and the long axis of the third molar.
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Control Group (A) | Experimental Group (B) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retromolar Space | Retromolar Space | |||||||
r | R2 | R2 (ADJ) | p Value | r | R2 | R2 (ADJ) | p Value | |
Condyle length | −0.172 | 0.029 | 0.003 | 0.303 | −0.157 | 0.025 | 0.001 | 0.314 |
Coronoid length | 0.354 | 0.125 | 0.101 | 0.029 | 0.035 | 0.001 | −0.023 | 0.826 |
Ramus height | 0.222 | 0.049 | 0.023 | 0.181 | 0.151 | 0.023 | −0.001 | 0.335 |
Total ramus height | 0.197 | 0.039 | 0.012 | 0.236 | 0.194 | 0.038 | 0.014 | 0.213 |
Ramal width | 0.307 | 0.095 | 0.069 | 0.061 | 0.025 | 0.001 | −0.024 | 0.875 |
Mandibular body length | 0.081 | 0.007 | −0.021 | 0.629 | −0.288 | 0.083 | 0.061 | 0.061 |
Sigmoid notch depth | 0.064 | 0.004 | −0.024 | 0.701 | −0.149 | 0.022 | −0.002 | 0.339 |
Posterior ramus notch depth | −0.192 | 0.037 | 0.010 | 0.249 | 0.188 | 0.035 | 0.012 | 0.227 |
Anterior ramus notch depth | −0.521 | 0.271 | 0.251 | 0.001 | −0.454 | 0.206 | 0.187 | 0.002 |
Antegonial notch depth | −0.379 | 0.144 | 0.120 | 0.019 | 0.295 | 0.087 | 0.065 | 0.055 |
Third molar width | 0.456 | 0.208 | 0.186 | 0.004 | 0.095 | 0.009 | −0.015 | 0.545 |
Gonial angle | 0.312 | 0.097 | 0.072 | 0.056 | 0.182 | 0.033 | 0.010 | 0.243 |
Angle condyle—coronoid process | 0.071 | 0.005 | −0.023 | 0.673 | 0.402 | 0.162 | 0.141 | 0.008 |
Inclination of lower posterior teeth | 0.142 | 0.020 | −0.007 | 0.396 | 0.397 | 0.157 | 0.137 | 0.008 |
Angle of impaction | 0.176 | 0.031 | 0.004 | 0.290 | 0.245 | 0.060 | 0.037 | 0.113 |
Retromolar space/3M width (ratio) | 0.966 | 0.933 | 0.931 | <0.001 | 0.971 | 0.942 | 0.941 | <0.001 |
Variable | Control Group (Male Group A, n = 26) | Experimental Group (Male Group B, n = 24) | p Value * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Condyle length (cm) | 1.76 | 0.43 | 1.86 | 0.37 | 0.365 |
Coronoid length (cm) | 1.49 | 0.48 | 1.55 | 0.36 | 0.608 |
Ramus height (cm) | 6.43 | 0.52 | 6.13 | 0.67 | 0.087 |
Total ramus height (cm) | 7.48 | 0.70 | 7.25 | 0.79 | 0.294 |
Ramal width (cm) | 3.69 | 0.55 | 3.58 | 0.33 | 0.421 |
Mandibular body length (cm) | 10.81 | 1.11 | 10.88 | 1.18 | 0.836 |
Sigmoid notch depth (cm) | 1.47 | 0.36 | 1.60 | 0.29 | 0.137 |
Posterior ramus notch depth (cm) | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 0.16 | 0.110 |
Anterior ramus notch depth (cm) | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.656 |
Antegonial notch depth (cm) | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.737 |
Third molar width (cm) | 1.39 | 0.12 | 1.41 | 0.15 | 0.608 |
Retromolar space (cm) | 1.54 | 0.59 | 1.10 | 0.58 | 0.010 |
Angle condyle—coronoid process (deg) | 31.04 | 5.38 | 28.75 | 5.06 | 0.129 |
Gonial angle (deg) | 124.81 | 7.48 | 122.33 | 8.76 | 0.287 |
Inclination of lower posterior teeth (deg) | 91.15 | 5.70 | 92.70 | 6.65 | 0.753 |
Angle of impaction (deg) | 90.93 | 8.69 | 69.46 | 32.66 | 0.002 |
Retromolar space/3M width (ratio) | 1.09 | 0.39 | 0.77 | 0.39 | 0.006 |
Variable | Control Group (Female Group A, n = 12) | Experimental Group (Female Group B, n = 19) | p Value * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Condyle length (cm) | 1.81 | 0.36 | 1.82 | 0.53 | 0.943 |
Coronoid length (cm) | 1.10 | 0.28 | 1.50 | 0.37 | 0.004 |
Ramus height (cm) | 6.23 | 0.67 | 6.25 | 0.70 | 0.930 |
Total ramus height (cm) | 7.23 | 0.77 | 7.35 | 0.82 | 0.688 |
Ramal width (cm) | 3.46 | 0.41 | 3.75 | 0.45 | 0.077 |
Mandibular body length (cm) | 11.32 | 1.48 | 10.93 | 1.04 | 0.396 |
Sigmoid notch depth (cm) | 1.35 | 0.23 | 1.56 | 0.33 | 0.069 |
Posterior ramus notch depth (cm) | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.537 |
Anterior ramus notch depth (cm) | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.584 |
Antegonial notch depth (cm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.505 |
Third molar width (cm) | 1.35 | 0.46 | 1.42 | 0.13 | 0.525 |
Retromolar space (cm) | 1.49 | 0.76 | 1.19 | 0.65 | 0.255 |
Angle condyle—coronoid process (deg) | 28.17 | 4.95 | 30.53 | 4.41 | 0.177 |
Gonial angle (deg) | 124.92 | 5.23 | 123.00 | 7.83 | 0.461 |
Inclination of lower posterior teeth (deg) | 96.50 | 5.50 | 92.58 | 5.81 | 0.072 |
Angle of impaction (deg) | 83.58 | 26.98 | 67.37 | 36.62 | 0.197 |
Retromolar space/3M width (ratio) | 1.07 | 0.45 | 0.85 | 0.50 | 0.240 |
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Mummolo, S.; Gallusi, G.; Strappa, E.M.; Grilli, F.; Mattei, A.; Fiasca, F.; Bambini, F.; Memè, L. Prediction of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction Using Linear and Angular Measurements in Young Adult Orthopantomograms. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 4637. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074637
Mummolo S, Gallusi G, Strappa EM, Grilli F, Mattei A, Fiasca F, Bambini F, Memè L. Prediction of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction Using Linear and Angular Measurements in Young Adult Orthopantomograms. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(7):4637. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074637
Chicago/Turabian StyleMummolo, Stefano, Gianni Gallusi, Enrico M. Strappa, Filippo Grilli, Antronella Mattei, Fabiana Fiasca, Fabrizio Bambini, and Lucia Memè. 2023. "Prediction of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction Using Linear and Angular Measurements in Young Adult Orthopantomograms" Applied Sciences 13, no. 7: 4637. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074637
APA StyleMummolo, S., Gallusi, G., Strappa, E. M., Grilli, F., Mattei, A., Fiasca, F., Bambini, F., & Memè, L. (2023). Prediction of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction Using Linear and Angular Measurements in Young Adult Orthopantomograms. Applied Sciences, 13(7), 4637. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074637