Prediction of Tunnel Blasting Vibration Velocity Considering the Influence of Free Surface
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Effect of Free Surface on Rock Blasting Mechanism
3. Effect of Free Surface on Tunnel Blast Vibration
3.1. Introduction to the Test
3.2. Analysis of Test Data
4. Blast Velocity Formula Considering the Effect of Free Surface
4.1. The Proposed Correction Formula for Blast Vibration Velocity
4.2. Verification of Blast Vibration Velocity Correction Formula
5. Engineering Applications
5.1. Project Overview
5.2. Formula Fitting
5.3. Control of Blasting Parameters
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- There is a strong relationship between the number of free faces and the minimum burden, with more free faces resulting in a lower vibration velocity and a smaller minimum burden resulting in a lower vibration velocity.
- (2)
- By introducing the number of free surfaces and burden distance to the Sadovsky formula for correction, the correction formula regression coefficient is R2 = 0.83 and R2 = 0.74 for the Sadovsky formula. The correction formula significantly enhances the ability to predict blast vibration, allowing for a greater application while more correctly reflecting the decay pattern of the blast vibration brought on by the free surface.
- (3)
- Through the analysis and fitting of the measured peak value of vibration velocity, the ratio of the parameter α of the proportional distance factor to the parameter η reflecting the free surface factor is 0.73/0.21. The contribution of the free surface factor to the attenuation of vibration velocity accounts for 21% of the total factors, which cannot be ignored.
- (4)
- The correction formula considering the number of free surfaces and burden distance can improve the accuracy of vibration velocity prediction. The prediction accuracy of the cutting blasthole is improved from 56.48% to 18.15% of the relative tolerance of the Sadovsky formula, and the average tolerance is improved from 24.79% to 13.32%. The correction formula can better predict the variation in vibration velocity at the site and provide a reliable basis for the design parameters of blasting at the site.
- (5)
- When the safe vibration velocity is known, the correction formula can be used to back-calculate the maximum charge for each series. This can be used to optimize the blasting design parameters for each series in the field.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Blasthole | Function | Q/kg | m | W/cm | Wmin/cm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Cutting blasthole | 2.1 | 1 | 1.95 | 1.95 |
B | Non-cutting blasthole | 2.1 | 2 | 1.95, 0.4 | 0.4 |
C | Non-cutting blasthole | 2.1 | 2 | 1.95, 0.4 | 0.4 |
D | Non-cutting blasthole | 2.1 | 2 | 1.95, 0.5 | 0.5 |
E | Non-cutting blasthole | 2.1 | 3 | 1.95, 0.5, 1.2 | 0.5 |
F | Non-cutting blasthole | 2.1 | 4 | 1.95, 0.5, 0.4, 0.4 | 0.4 |
Points Number | Vibration Velocity of Measuring Point/(cm/s) | Distance/m | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | E | F | ||
1 | 2.37 | 1.36 | 1.13 | 1.99 | 1.61 | 1.00 | 11.20 |
2 | 1.73 | 0.83 | 0.65 | 1.49 | 1.00 | 0.56 | 20.30 |
3 | 0.91 | 0.64 | 0.55 | 0.62 | 0.51 | 0.41 | 39.30 |
4 | 0.87 | 0.56 | 0.48 | 0.56 | 0.45 | 0.26 | 50.50 |
5 | 0.64 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.22 | 64.20 |
6 | 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 79.80 |
7 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 110.80 |
8 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 140.00 |
Type | Blasthole Type | Detonator Series | Blasthole Number/Pieces | Charge Weight per Hole/kg | Total Charge /kg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The middle guide tunnel | Cutting blasthole | 1 | 10 | 2.4 | 33.6 |
Breaking blasthole | 3 | 14 | 3.0~3.3 | 42.6 | |
5 | 12 | 2.4~3.3 | 34.2 | ||
7 | 12 | 2.1~3.3 | 37.0 | ||
9 | 14 | 0.9~2.7 | 28.5 | ||
11 | 17 | 0.9~1.8 | 18.6 | ||
Contour blasthole | 11 | 6 | 0.9~1.5 | 8.1 | |
13 | 32 | 0.6~1.2 | 24.6 | ||
Total | 121 | 216.1 |
Points Number | Detonator Series | Q /kg | m | Wmin /cm | R /m | PPV /(cm/s) | Sadovsky Formula /(cm/s) | Tolerance | Correction Formula /(cm/s) | Tolerance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | MS1 | 33.6 | 1 | 2.0 | 26.7 | 3.90 | 1.44 | 44.89% | 3.08 | 18.15% |
MS3 | 42.6 | 2 | 0.5 | 26.7 | 2.09 | 1.94 | 53.78% | 1.63 | 29.43% | |
MS5 | 34.2 | 2 | 0.5 | 26.7 | 1.96 | 1.47 | 37.46% | 1.29 | 20.14% | |
MS7 | 25.8 | 2 | 0.5 | 26.7 | 2.23 | 1.62 | 25.85% | 1.40 | 8.52% | |
MS9 | 28.5 | 2 | 0.5 | 26.7 | 1.50 | 1.17 | 1.69% | 1.06 | 11.34% | |
MS11 | 26.7 | 2 | 0.5 | 26.7 | 0.73 | 0.55 | 0.16% | 0.55 | 0.14% | |
MS13 | 24.6 | 2 | 0.5 | 26.7 | 0.90 | 0.97 | 17.18% | 0.90 | 8.38% | |
2 | MS1 | 33.6 | 1 | 2.0 | 26.9 | 3.72 | 1.65 | 55.63% | 3.53 | 5.19% |
MS3 | 42.6 | 2 | 0.5 | 26.9 | 1.63 | 2.22 | 36.39% | 1.87 | 14.43% | |
MS5 | 34.2 | 2 | 0.5 | 26.9 | 1.26 | 1.69 | 33.93% | 1.47 | 16.69% | |
MS7 | 25.8 | 2 | 0.5 | 26.9 | 1.53 | 1.86 | 21.74% | 1.60 | 4.65% | |
MS9 | 28.5 | 2 | 0.5 | 26.9 | 1.21 | 1.34 | 10.93% | 1.21 | 0.27% | |
MS11 | 26.7 | 2 | 0.5 | 26.9 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 1.61% | 0.63 | 1.32% | |
MS13 | 24.6 | 2 | 0.5 | 26.9 | 0.79 | 1.12 | 41.26% | 1.03 | 30.24% | |
3 | MS1 | 33.6 | 1 | 2.0 | 27.9 | 2.61 | 1.70 | 56.48% | 3.63 | 7.05% |
MS3 | 42.6 | 2 | 0.5 | 27.9 | 1.26 | 2.29 | 9.40% | 1.92 | 8.27% | |
MS5 | 34.2 | 2 | 0.5 | 27.9 | 1.07 | 1.74 | 11.45% | 1.51 | 22.90% | |
MS7 | 25.8 | 2 | 0.5 | 27.9 | 1.29 | 1.92 | 14.09% | 1.65 | 26.20% | |
MS9 | 28.5 | 2 | 0.5 | 27.9 | 1.19 | 1.38 | 7.96% | 1.24 | 17.31% | |
MS11 | 26.7 | 2 | 0.5 | 27.9 | 0.55 | 0.65 | 11.24% | 0.65 | 11.55% | |
MS13 | 24.6 | 2 | 0.5 | 27.9 | 0.83 | 1.15 | 27.52% | 1.06 | 17.51% | |
Average tolerance | 24.79% | 13.32% |
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Zeng, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, X.; Duan, Y.; Chen, J. Prediction of Tunnel Blasting Vibration Velocity Considering the Influence of Free Surface. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 1373. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031373
Zeng X, Zhang X, Zhou X, Duan Y, Chen J. Prediction of Tunnel Blasting Vibration Velocity Considering the Influence of Free Surface. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(3):1373. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031373
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeng, Xiaohui, Xuemin Zhang, Xianshun Zhou, Ya Duan, and Jin Chen. 2023. "Prediction of Tunnel Blasting Vibration Velocity Considering the Influence of Free Surface" Applied Sciences 13, no. 3: 1373. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031373
APA StyleZeng, X., Zhang, X., Zhou, X., Duan, Y., & Chen, J. (2023). Prediction of Tunnel Blasting Vibration Velocity Considering the Influence of Free Surface. Applied Sciences, 13(3), 1373. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031373