Evaluation of the Critical Parameters Involved in Decisions to Control Bactrocera oleae in Olive Orchards in the Southern Region of Lebanon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site
2.2. Trees and Practices
2.3. Trap Installation
2.4. Meteorological Data Monitoring
2.5. Parameters Considered for Spraying
2.5.1. Pest Capture
2.5.2. BBCH Value
2.5.3. Rate of Fruit Infestation, RFI
2.6. Statistical Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Monitoring of the Adults
3.2. Adult Abundance
3.3. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Bactrocera oleae Adults
3.4. Sex Ratio
3.5. BBCH and Fruit Dimensions
3.6. Fruit Infestation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Date | 29-July | 5-August | 15-August | 22-August | 25-August | 1-September | 8-September | 15-September |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex Ratio | 0.2:1 | 0.41:1 | 0.64:1 | 0.42:1 | 0.47:1 | 0.32:1 | 0.89:1 | 0.65:1 |
Date | 22-September | 29-September | 6-October | 13-October | 20-October | 27-October | 3-November | 10-November |
Sex Ratio | 0.78:1 | 0.82:1 | 0.44:1 | 0.53:1 | 0.48:1 | 0.56:1 | 0.64:1 | 0.83:1 |
Fruit Load Rate | Width | Length | Size |
---|---|---|---|
50–75% | 1.11 ± 0.11 | 1.78 ± 0.24 | 1.98 ± 0.36 b |
25–50% | 1.21 ± 0.17 | 1.98 ± 0.21 | 2.4 ± 0.52 a |
0–25% | 1.18 ± 0.2 | 1.97 ± 0.24 | 2.34 ± 0.57 a |
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Kfoury, L.; Afram, M.; Chehade, A.; Choueiri, E.; Youssef, A.; El Romeh, S.; Joumaa, I.; Arafat, G.; Elbitar, A. Evaluation of the Critical Parameters Involved in Decisions to Control Bactrocera oleae in Olive Orchards in the Southern Region of Lebanon. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 12326. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212326
Kfoury L, Afram M, Chehade A, Choueiri E, Youssef A, El Romeh S, Joumaa I, Arafat G, Elbitar A. Evaluation of the Critical Parameters Involved in Decisions to Control Bactrocera oleae in Olive Orchards in the Southern Region of Lebanon. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(22):12326. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212326
Chicago/Turabian StyleKfoury, Linda, Michel Afram, Ali Chehade, Elia Choueiri, Amira Youssef, Samer El Romeh, Ihab Joumaa, Ghazi Arafat, and Ahmad Elbitar. 2023. "Evaluation of the Critical Parameters Involved in Decisions to Control Bactrocera oleae in Olive Orchards in the Southern Region of Lebanon" Applied Sciences 13, no. 22: 12326. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212326
APA StyleKfoury, L., Afram, M., Chehade, A., Choueiri, E., Youssef, A., El Romeh, S., Joumaa, I., Arafat, G., & Elbitar, A. (2023). Evaluation of the Critical Parameters Involved in Decisions to Control Bactrocera oleae in Olive Orchards in the Southern Region of Lebanon. Applied Sciences, 13(22), 12326. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212326