Impact on Protective Device Sequence of Operation in Case Distributed Generation Integrated to Distribution System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- To improve the protection system by minimising the serious effect of fuse-link failures during high fault conditions and managing the protection coordinate scheme between recloser setting and fuse-link sizing verifications;
- To develop the conventional protection system to increase the stability and reliability on the distribution system both with and without DG;
- To determine and apply the correct sizing of fuse-link devices at the right positions to protect the interrupting power supply to the load connections along the primary line.
2. Distribution System Simulation
2.1. Effect on Voltage Level in Case of Distribution System with DG Placements
2.2. Effect on Power Loss in Case of Distribution System with DG Placements
3. Protective Device Functional Operation in Case without DG
3.1. Protective Relay Operation Sequential at Both Recloser R1 Location and Drop-Out Fuse Device at the Position 25k Such as F2, F3, F4, and F5, Respectively
3.2. Sequential of Protective Relay Coordination between the Recloser R1 and Drop-Out Fuse Rated 15k at F1 Position
3.3. Protective Coordination between Recloser R1 and R2 Devices
3.4. Coordination with Recloser R2 and R3
3.5. Correlation between Recloser R3 and 25k Rated of Fuse-Link Device
4. Protective Device Functional Operation in Case with DG
4.1. Effect of Coordinates Are Compared with the Recloser R1 and Drop-Out Fuse of 25k Type in F2, F3, F4, and F5 Positions with DG Integrating
4.2. Effect of Protective Devices in Operating between Reclosers R2 and R3 with the Fault Location Occurs after the Recloser R2
4.3. Protective Devices Improvement When the DG Connection to the Distribution System
4.3.1. Improvement of Malfunctions between the Recloser and Fuse-Link Devices
4.3.2. Simulation in Case of AVR Relocation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Load Position | Load Types | Load Demand (kVA) |
---|---|---|
L1 | Medium scale industry | 2700 |
L2, L12, L19 | Residential | 50 |
L3, L4, L6, L9, L10, L13, L15, L32, L37 | Residential | 250 |
L5, L16, L17, L18, L23, L25, L30, L34, L36, L38 | Residential | 150 |
L7, L11, L27 | Small scale industry | 500 |
L8, L14, L21, L22, L24, L26, L31, L33, L35 | Residential | 100 |
L20 | Residential | 30 |
L28 | Residential | 10 |
L29 | Residential | 100 |
L39 | Medium scale industry | 1000 |
Descriptions | Technical Information | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cross-Section Area | 50 mm2 | 50 mm2 | 50 mm2 | 185 mm2 | 185 mm2 |
Cable type | SAC | PIC | ACSR | PIC | SAC |
Lead conductor | 3 conductors | ||||
Type of conductor | Aluminum | ||||
Outer diameters | 8.00 mm. | 8.00 mm. | 8.00 mm. | 15.80 mm. | 15.98 mm. |
DC resistance | 0.641 Ω | 0.5711 Ω | 0.5711 Ω | 0.164 Ω | 0.164 Ω |
Cable Types | Zero Sequence | Positive Sequence | Negative Sequence | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R0 | X0 | R1 | X1 | R2 | X2 | |
50SAC | 1.019329 | 1.897538 | 0.8219353 | 0.3395188 | 0.8219353 | 0.3395188 |
50PIC | 1.001667 | 1.670839 | 0.8219279 | 0.4553402 | 0.8219279 | 0.4553402 |
50ACSR | 0.8219702 | 1.669577 | 0.6403365 | 0.4545099 | 0.6403365 | 0.4545099 |
185PIC | 0.3913551 | 1.629687 | 0.2106576 | 0.4144061 | 0.2106576 | 0.4144061 |
185SAC | 0.402942 | 1.857875 | 0.2106598 | 0.2985855 | 0.2106598 | 0.2985855 |
Distancing from Substation | Voltage Level by Individual Location (kV) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without DG | 2 km | 4 km | 6 km | 8 km | 10 km | 12 km | 14 km | 16 km | 18 km | 20 km | 22 km | 24 km | 26 km | |
2 km | 22.610 | 22.759 | 22.772 | 22.785 | 22.792 | 22.799 | 22.802 | 22.803 | 22.798 | 22.797 | 22.794 | 22.788 | 22.782 | 22.776 |
4 km | 22.358 | 22.509 | 22.668 | 22.686 | 22.696 | 22.704 | 22.708 | 22.709 | 22.703 | 22.701 | 22.697 | 22.690 | 22.681 | 22.673 |
6 km | 22.107 | 22.261 | 22.423 | 22.587 | 22.598 | 22.609 | 22.614 | 22.615 | 22.608 | 22.606 | 22.600 | 22.591 | 22.580 | 22.570 |
8 km | 22.909 | 22.065 | 22.229 | 22.395 | 22.552 | 22.564 | 22.570 | 22.572 | 22.563 | 22.560 | 22.553 | 22.543 | 22.530 | 22.517 |
10 km | 21.721 | 21.879 | 22.045 | 22.213 | 22.372 | 22.530 | 22.537 | 22.538 | 22.529 | 22.525 | 22.517 | 22.504 | 22.490 | 22.475 |
12 km | 21.589 | 21.748 | 21.916 | 22.086 | 22.246 | 22.405 | 22.557 | 22.558 | 22.547 | 22.543 | 22.534 | 22.519 | 22.503 | 22.486 |
14 km | 21.497 | 21.658 | 21.826 | 21.997 | 22.159 | 22.319 | 22.472 | 22.617 | 22.605 | 22.600 | 22.589 | 22.574 | 22.555 | 22.536 |
16 km | 21.317 | 21.481 | 21.654 | 21.829 | 21.994 | 22.158 | 22.315 | 22.463 | 22.569 | 22.563 | 22.548 | 22.525 | 22.498 | 22.471 |
18 km | 21.243 | 21.408 | 21.581 | 21.758 | 21.924 | 22.089 | 22.246 | 22.395 | 22.502 | 22.639 | 22.622 | 22.598 | 22.569 | 22.540 |
20 km | 21.167 | 21.332 | 21.507 | 21.684 | 21.851 | 22.016 | 22.174 | 22.324 | 22.431 | 22.568 | 22.694 | 22.688 | 22.637 | 22.606 |
22 km | 21.114 | 21.280 | 21.455 | 21.632 | 21.800 | 21.965 | 22.124 | 22.274 | 22.381 | 22.519 | 22.645 | 22.760 | 22.727 | 22.694 |
24 km | 21.079 | 21.246 | 21.421 | 21.599 | 21.766 | 21.932 | 22.091 | 22.241 | 22.349 | 22.487 | 22.613 | 22.729 | 22.826 | 22.802 |
26 km | 21.045 | 21.211 | 21.387 | 21.565 | 21.733 | 21.899 | 22.058 | 22.209 | 22.317 | 22.454 | 22.581 | 22.697 | 22.805 | 22.911 |
Distance of DG Placement from Substation (km) | Power Loss (kW) |
---|---|
without DG | 370 |
2 | 350 |
4 | 280 |
6 | 210 |
8 | 180 |
10 | 150 |
12 | 140 |
14 | 150 |
16 | 160 |
18 | 170 |
20 | 190 |
22 | 230 |
24 | 270 |
26 | 300 |
Locations | Maximum Current (A) | Minimum Current (A) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
3 Φ | 1 Φ | 3 Φ | 1 Φ | |
1 | 2812 | 326 | 2464 | 234 |
2 | 2464 | 218 | 2050 | 314 |
3 | 2266 | 313 | 1821 | 307 |
4 | 2190 | 311 | 1534 | 295 |
5 | 2178 | 311 | 1394 | 288 |
6 | 2085 | 308 | 1527 | 295 |
7 | 2021 | 306 | 1492 | 293 |
8 | 1970 | 304 | 1863 | 303 |
9 | 1921 | 302 | 1040 | 264 |
10 | 1290 | 296 | 968 | 266 |
11 | 1230 | 291 | 1045 | 274 |
12 | 1211 | 289 | 935 | 262 |
13 | 1141 | 282 | 627 | 219 |
14 | 1109 | 279 | 1012 | 269 |
15 | 1079 | 276 | 752 | 237 |
16 | 937 | 258 | 836 | 244 |
Recloser Position | Phase Setting | Ground Setting |
---|---|---|
R1 | Pick up = 360 A Curve TCC 2 = 116 Time Interval = 10 s Reset Time = 120 s | Pick up = 90 A Curve TCC 2 = 165 Time Interval = 10 s Reset Time = 120 s |
Recloser Position | Phase Setting | Ground Setting |
---|---|---|
R2 | Pick up = 180 A Curve TCC 2 = 116 Time Interval = 10 s Reset Time = 120 s | Pick up = 45 A Curve TCC 2 = 165 Time Interval = 10 s Reset Time = 120 s |
Recloser Position | Phase Setting | Ground Setting |
---|---|---|
R3 | Pick up = 125 A Curve TCC 1 = 101 Curve TCC 2 = 116 Time Interval 1 = 5 s Time Interval 2 = 15 s Reset Time = 120 s | Pick up = 30 A Curve TCC 2 = 102 Curve TCC 2 = 165 Time dial 1.5 Time Interval 1 = 5 s Time Interval 2 = 15 s Reset Time = 120 s |
Fault Locations | Maximum Current (A) | Minimum Current (A) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At Fault Position | At Substation | At DG | At Fault Position | At Substation | At DG | |
1 | 3447 | 2812 | 666 | 2960 | 2394 | 567 |
2 | 3149 | 2464 | 688 | 2506 | 1960 | 548 |
3 | 2965 | 2266 | 705 | 2251 | 1720 | 535 |
4 | 2896 | 2190 | 712 | 1852 | 1400 | 455 |
5 | 2885 | 2178 | 713 | 1654 | 1248 | 409 |
6 | 2801 | 2085 | 723 | 1883 | 1402 | 486 |
7 | 2743 | 2021 | 731 | 1857 | 1368 | 495 |
8 | 2698 | 1970 | 737 | 2233 | 1630 | 610 |
9 | 2655 | 1921 | 744 | 1224 | 885 | 343 |
10 | 2207 | 1290 | 921 | 1404 | 821 | 586 |
11 | 2177 | 1230 | 952 | 1663 | 940 | 728 |
12 | 2168 | 1211 | 963 | 1420 | 794 | 631 |
13 | 2141 | 1141 | 1010 | 1279 | 841 | 397 |
14 | 2131 | 1109 | 1034 | 1821 | 943 | 880 |
15 | 2124 | 1079 | 1060 | 1152 | 585 | 575 |
16 | 2130 | 937 | 1224 | 1688 | 742 | 970 |
Fault Locations | Maximum Current (A) | Minimum Current (A) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At Fault Location | At Substation | At DG | At Fault Location | At Substation | At DG | |
1 | 333 | 286 | 47 | 326 | 280 | 46 |
2 | 328 | 274 | 54 | 318 | 265 | 52 |
3 | 326 | 267 | 59 | 291 | 255 | 56 |
4 | 325 | 264 | 61 | 279 | 244 | 56 |
5 | 324 | 263 | 61 | 273 | 238 | 55 |
6 | 323 | 259 | 64 | 278 | 241 | 59 |
7 | 322 | 256 | 66 | 275 | 239 | 61 |
8 | 322 | 253 | 67 | 284 | 245 | 65 |
9 | 320 | 251 | 69 | 247 | 213 | 58 |
10 | 310 | 224 | 86 | 278 | 201 | 77 |
11 | 307 | 217 | 89 | 288 | 204 | 84 |
12 | 305 | 215 | 90 | 276 | 195 | 82 |
13 | 301 | 207 | 95 | 231 | 159 | 73 |
14 | 298 | 202 | 97 | 287 | 195 | 93 |
15 | 296 | 198 | 99 | 254 | 170 | 84 |
16 | 285 | 177 | 109 | 268 | 167 | 103 |
Distancing (km) | Voltage Level without DG (kV) | Voltage Level with DG (kV) |
---|---|---|
2 | 22.62 | 22.85 |
4 | 22.36 | 22.69 |
6 | 22.10 | 22.58 |
8 | 21.89 | 22.52 |
10 | 21.80 | 22.20 |
12 | 22.44 | 22.20 |
14 | 22.32 | 22.25 |
16 | 22.23 | 22.31 |
18 | 22.15 | 22.42 |
20 | 22.08 | 22.43 |
22 | 22.01 | 22.52 |
24 | 21.96 | 22.63 |
26 | 21.90 | 22.73 |
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Share and Cite
Ngamroo, I.; Kotesakha, W.; Yoomak, S.; Kunakorn, A. Impact on Protective Device Sequence of Operation in Case Distributed Generation Integrated to Distribution System. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 7970. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137970
Ngamroo I, Kotesakha W, Yoomak S, Kunakorn A. Impact on Protective Device Sequence of Operation in Case Distributed Generation Integrated to Distribution System. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(13):7970. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137970
Chicago/Turabian StyleNgamroo, Issarachai, Wikorn Kotesakha, Suntiti Yoomak, and Anantawat Kunakorn. 2023. "Impact on Protective Device Sequence of Operation in Case Distributed Generation Integrated to Distribution System" Applied Sciences 13, no. 13: 7970. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137970