Effect of Dynamic Loading Conditions on Maximizing Energy Dissipation of Metallic Dampers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Design Concept and Optimization Approaches
2.1. Design Concept of a Prismatic Metallic Damper
2.2. Optimization Approach
2.3. Static and Dynamic Optimization
3. Dynamic Analysis of Static Optimization
3.1. Design Variables
3.2. Finite Element Model
3.3. Static Optimization Results
3.4. Dynamic Analysis of the Statically Optimized Damper
4. Dynamic Optimization
4.1. An Analytical Model for Dynamic Optimization
4.2. Dynamic Optimization Results
4.3. Effect of the Excitation Frequencies to the Dynamic Optimization
4.4. Seismic Analysis of the Optimized Results
5. Conclusions
- The optimized shape obtained through the static analysis showed an hourglass shape in which the width of both ends was increased, and the width of the center was reduced. This trend was similar to the results of previous studies. However, in the static analysis, it was difficult to determine the different optimal shapes for all stroke sizes, or to determine an appropriate virtual stroke for optimization.
- Through optimization with static analysis, the stiffness of the damper increased. Accordingly, the optimized shape dissipated a large amount of energy when the damper was deformed due to large earthquakes. In the case of small earthquakes, however, the optimized damper may undergo less deformation and dissipate only a small amount of energy. Identical results were obtained using the structural prototype bridge FE model.
- Thus, further optimization based on a dynamic analysis was carried out to determine the optimal shapes that dissipate the maximum amount of energy during relatively small earthquakes. To generalize the optimization method based on the dynamic analysis, an ideal analytical model was proposed with the spring set and concentrated mass.
- Through the proposed analytical model, an additional optimized shape for small earthquake accelerations was developed. The optimized shape at low acceleration and high frequency exhibited a slight reduction in width at both ends, unlike previous results. The new shape could lead to a greater amount of energy dissipation for small seismic loading.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cases | Initial | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Optimized Stroke size | 25 mm | 50 mm | 100 mm | Max. 100 mm * | |
[mm] | 80 | 123.37 | 113.87 | 123.23 | 126.61 |
[mm] | 80 | 81.34 | 84.60 | 81.42 | 80.10 |
[mm] | 80 | 40.00 | 40.00 | 40.00 | 40.00 |
] | 3.840 | 3.840 | 3.839 | 3.840 | 3.836 |
Elastic stiffness [MN/m] | 2.314 | 3.705 | 3.730 | 3.709 | 3.672 |
ALLPD [kN·m] | 53.76 | 93.99 | 91.01 | 93.91 | 93.64 |
Improvement [%] | +74.9 | +69.3 | +74.7 | +74.2 |
Structural Model Analysis | Initial | Optimized (Case S1) | Initial | Optimized (Case S1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dynamic Analysis (Max. 0.1 g) | Dynamic Analysis (Max. 0.2 g) | |||
ALLPD [kN·m] | 4.82 | 4.61 | 18.91 | 21.27 |
Rate of change | 4.42% | +12.5% |
Case | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Max. acc. | 0.05 g | 0.075 g | 0.1 g | 0.125 g | 0.15 g | 0.175 g | 0.2 g | 0.225 g | 0.25 g |
[mm] | 40.46 | 55.86 | 65.32 | 73.05 | 152.15 | 149.51 | 137.04 | 135.42 | 123.19 |
[mm] | 109.84 | 104.56 | 101.31 | 98.66 | 71.44 | 72.17 | 76.62 | 77.20 | 81.36 |
[mm] | 40.00 | 40.00 | 40.00 | 40.00 | 40.03 | 40.47 | 40.00 | 40.00 | 40.08 |
] | 3.839 | 3.840 | 3.840 | 3.840 | 3.839 | 3.835 | 3.839 | 3.840 | 3.838 |
Elastic stiffness [MN/m] | 1.277 | 2.105 | 2.567 | 2.890 | 3.264 | 3.305 | 3.554 | 3.580 | 3.703 |
ALLPD [kN·m] | 0.96 | 2.35 | 4.38 | 6.97 | 10.08 | 13.98 | 18.42 | 23.39 | 29.01 |
Improvement | |||||||||
to Initial | +131.1% | +24.1% | +9.3% | +3.4% | +2.7% | +7.7% | +12.9% | +16.4% | +20.7% |
to S1 | +6762.0% | +160.6% | +28.8% | +10.3% | +2.3% | +1.3% | +1.1% | +0.01% | +0.07% |
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Park, J.W.; Yoon, J.-H.; Yoon, G.-H.; Lim, Y.M. Effect of Dynamic Loading Conditions on Maximizing Energy Dissipation of Metallic Dampers. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 3086. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12063086
Park JW, Yoon J-H, Yoon G-H, Lim YM. Effect of Dynamic Loading Conditions on Maximizing Energy Dissipation of Metallic Dampers. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(6):3086. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12063086
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Ji Woon, Ji-Hoon Yoon, Gil-Ho Yoon, and Yun Mook Lim. 2022. "Effect of Dynamic Loading Conditions on Maximizing Energy Dissipation of Metallic Dampers" Applied Sciences 12, no. 6: 3086. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12063086
APA StylePark, J. W., Yoon, J.-H., Yoon, G.-H., & Lim, Y. M. (2022). Effect of Dynamic Loading Conditions on Maximizing Energy Dissipation of Metallic Dampers. Applied Sciences, 12(6), 3086. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12063086