Mix and Match: An Investigation into Whether Episodic Future Thinking Cues Need to Match Discounting Delays in Order to Be Effective
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental Design and Procedures
2.3. Analytical Plan
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgment
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Delay Discounting Time Delay | EFT-Matched | EFT-Unmatched Group 1 | EFT-Unmatched Group 2 | EFT-Unmatched Group 3 | EFT-Unmatched Group 4 |
1 day | 1 day | 2 years | 6 months | 1 month | 1 week |
1 week | 1 week | 1 day | 2 years | 6 months | 1 month |
1 month | 1 month | 1 week | 1 day | 2 years | 6 months |
6 months | 6 months | 1 month | 1 week | 1 day | 2 years |
2 years | 2 years | 6 months | 1 month | 1 week | 1 day |
Delay Discounting Time Delay | ERT-Matched | ERT-Unmatched Group 1 | ERT-Unmatched Group 2 | ERT-Unmatched Group 3 | ERT-Unmatched Group 4 |
1 day | 12 h ago | 60 h ago | 48 h ago | 36 h ago | 24 h ago |
1 week | 24 h ago | 12 h ago | 60 h ago | 48 h ago | 36 h ago |
1 month | 36 h ago | 24 h ago | 12 h ago | 60 h ago | 48 h ago |
6 months | 48 h ago | 36 h ago | 24 h ago | 12 h ago | 60 h ago |
2 years | 60 h ago | 48 h ago | 36 h ago | 24 h ago | 12 h ago |
N (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EFT Matched (n = 40) | EFT Unmatched (n = 40) | ERT Matched (n = 40) | ERT Unmatched (n = 40) | p-Value | |
Sex | 0.62 | ||||
Male | 19 (47.50) | 24 (60.00) | 19 (47.50) | 22 (55.00) | |
Female | 21 (52.50) | 16 (40.00) | 21 (52.50) | 18 (45.00) | |
Race | 0.74 | ||||
Non-Minority | 28 (70.00) | 25 (62.50) | 29 (72.50) | 29 (72.50) | |
Minority | 12 (30.00) | 15 (37.50) | 11 (27.50) | 11 (27.50) | |
Mean (SD) | |||||
Education (years) | 15.43 (1.75) | 16.30 (1.62) | 15.95 (1.85) | 16.05 (1.85) | 0.16 |
Age (years) | 35.58 (9.68) | 36.53 (9.28) | 35.08 (7.46) | 33.83 (11.05) | 0.64 |
Household Income ($) | 45,749.83 (41,564.90) | 61,315.71 (42,691.39) | 43,999.95 (23,944.45) | 40,256.23 (23,562.83) | 0.04 * |
Future Orientation Scale | |||||
Time Perspective | 2.64 (0.34) | 2.55 (0.28) | 2.58 (0.32) | 2.50 (0.48) | 0.40 |
Anticipation of FC 1 | 2.33 (0.37) | 2.33 (0.47) | 2.44 (0.40) | 2.22 (0.39) | 0.13 |
Planning Ahead | 2.50 (0.29) | 2.43 (0.32) | 2.51 (0.32) | 2.35 (0.33) | 0.10 |
Financial Planning (years) | 2.63 (3.45) | 2.73 (3.47) | 3.50 (3.75) | 3.36 (3.62) | 0.61 |
Longevity (%) | 75.95 (22.68) | 73.05 (28.74) | 73.25 (23.95) | 78.55 (18.06) | 0.70 |
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O’Donnell, S.; Hollis-Hansen, K.; Epstein, L.H. Mix and Match: An Investigation into Whether Episodic Future Thinking Cues Need to Match Discounting Delays in Order to Be Effective. Behav. Sci. 2019, 9, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9010001
O’Donnell S, Hollis-Hansen K, Epstein LH. Mix and Match: An Investigation into Whether Episodic Future Thinking Cues Need to Match Discounting Delays in Order to Be Effective. Behavioral Sciences. 2019; 9(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleO’Donnell, Sara, Kelseanna Hollis-Hansen, and Leonard H. Epstein. 2019. "Mix and Match: An Investigation into Whether Episodic Future Thinking Cues Need to Match Discounting Delays in Order to Be Effective" Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9010001