Food Addiction, Binge Eating Disorder, and Obesity: Is There a Relationship?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Food Addiction and Binge Eating
3.3. Relationships between Food Addiction and Binge Eating
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic | NFA Male (n = 176 ) | FA Male (n = 27 ) | p Value | NFA Female (n = 624 ) | FA Female (n = 201 ) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
Age (years) | 42.0 ± 13.2 | 46.0 ± 16.4 | 0.531 | 39.6 ± 13.1 | 40.1 ± 13.0 | 0.407 |
Height (cm) | 178.8 ± 0.1 | 179.7 ± 0.1 | 0.629 | 166.0 ± 0.1 | 165.9 ± 0.1 | 0.935 |
Weight (kg) | 87.4 ± 15.4 | 113.7 ± 28.3 | <0.01 | 70.0 ± 16.7 | 88.4 ± 22.9 | <0.01 |
BMI * (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 4.8 | 35.4 ± 8.8 | <0.01 | 25.5 ± 6.0 | 32.7 ± 13.1 | <0.01 |
n = 149 | n = 22 | n = 517 | n = 183 | |||
BES total | 7.4 ± 5.8 | 20.1 ± 6.1 | <0.01 | 8.5 ± 6.5 | 22.8 ± 8.1 | <0.01 |
Condition | Underweight (n = 14 ) | Healthy (n = 439 ) | Overweight (n = 263 ) | Obese (n = 286 ) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Addiction (FA) | % | % | % | % | |
NFA | 85.7 | 92.5 | 78.7 | 53.8 | <0.001 |
Mild FA | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.368 |
Moderate FA | 7.1 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 0.07 |
Severe FA | 7.1 | 5.0 | 17.5 | 42.0 | <0.001 |
Binge Eating (BE) | |||||
Non-bingeing | 90.0 | 89.3 | 74.8 | 50.6 | <0.001 |
Moderate | 10.0 | 7.5 | 19.5 | 30.4 | <0.001 |
Severe | 0.0 | 3.2 | 5.8 | 19.0 | <0.001 |
Condition | NFA (n = 666 ) | FA (n = 205) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
BES total | 8.23 ± 6.35 | 22.56 ± 7.93 | <0.001 |
BES emotions | 4.05 ± 3.71 | 12.76 ± 4.44 | <0.001 |
BES behaviours | 4.72 ± 3.66 | 11.56 ± 4.75 | <0.001 |
% | % | ||
Non-bingeing | 90.1 | 27.3 | <0.001 |
Moderate bingeing | 9.0 | 41.0 | 0.046 |
Severe bingeing | 0.9 | 31.7 | <0.001 |
Total | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Measure | BES Total | BES Emotions | BES Behaviours |
---|---|---|---|
Binge Eating | |||
1. BES total | - | ||
2. BES emotions | 0.95 *** | - | |
3. BES behaviours | 0.96 *** | 0.82 *** | - |
Food Addiction | |||
4. Total FA symptoms | 0.76 *** | 0.75 *** | 0.71 *** |
5. Consumed more than planned | 0.24 *** | 0.21 *** | 0.25 *** |
6. Unable to cut down or stop | 0.61 *** | 0.62 *** | 0.55 *** |
7. Great deal of time spent | 0.58 *** | 0.55 *** | 0.56 *** |
8. Activities given up or reduced | 0.61 *** | 0.61 *** | 0.56 *** |
9. Continued use despite physical/emotional consequences | 0.67 *** | 0.67 *** | 0.60 *** |
10. Tolerance | 0.54 *** | 0.54 *** | 0.50 *** |
11. Withdrawal | 0.52 *** | 0.52 *** | 0.48 *** |
12. Continued use despite social consequences | 0.52 *** | 0.51 *** | 0.48 *** |
13. Fail to fulfil roles and obligations | 0.53 *** | 0.53 *** | 0.48 *** |
14. Use in physically hazardous situations | −0.49 *** | −0.50 *** | −0.44 *** |
15. Craving | 0.65 *** | 0.64 *** | 0.59 *** |
16. Impairment or distress | 0.68 *** | 0.70 *** | 0.61 *** |
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Burrows, T.; Skinner, J.; McKenna, R.; Rollo, M. Food Addiction, Binge Eating Disorder, and Obesity: Is There a Relationship? Behav. Sci. 2017, 7, 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7030054
Burrows T, Skinner J, McKenna R, Rollo M. Food Addiction, Binge Eating Disorder, and Obesity: Is There a Relationship? Behavioral Sciences. 2017; 7(3):54. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7030054
Chicago/Turabian StyleBurrows, Tracy, Janelle Skinner, Rebecca McKenna, and Megan Rollo. 2017. "Food Addiction, Binge Eating Disorder, and Obesity: Is There a Relationship?" Behavioral Sciences 7, no. 3: 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7030054
APA StyleBurrows, T., Skinner, J., McKenna, R., & Rollo, M. (2017). Food Addiction, Binge Eating Disorder, and Obesity: Is There a Relationship? Behavioral Sciences, 7(3), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7030054