Association of Physicians’ Self-Compassion with Work Engagement, Exhaustion, and Professional Life Satisfaction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Hypothesis (1): Self-compassionate physicians experience greater work engagement and less exhaustion from work than physicians reporting lower self-compassion.
- Hypothesis (2): Self-compassionate physicians experience greater professional life satisfaction through their greater work engagement and less exhaustion than physicians reporting lower self-compassion.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Self-Compassion
2.2.2. Work Engagement and Exhaustion
2.2.3. Professional Life Satisfaction
2.3. Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Seely, A.J. Embracing the certainty of uncertainty: Implications for health care and research. Perspect. Biol. Med. 2013, 56, 65–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ghosh, A.K. On the challenges of using evidence-based information: The role of clinical uncertainty. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 2004, 144, 60–64. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Biehn, J. Managing uncertainty in family practice. CMAJ 1982, 126, 915–917. [Google Scholar]
- Navalainen, M.; Kuikka, L.; Sjöberg, L.; Eriksson, J.; Pitkälä, K. Tolerance of uncertainty and fears of making mistakes among fifth-year medical students. Fam. Med. 2012, 44, 240–246. [Google Scholar]
- Demerouti, E.; Bakker, A.B. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory: A good alternative to measure burnout and engagement. In Handbook of Stress and Burnout in Health Care; Halbesleben, J., Ed.; Nova Science: Hauppauge, NY, USA, 2008; pp. 65–78. [Google Scholar]
- Demerouti, E.; Mostert, K.; Bakker, A.B. Burnout and work engagement: A thorough investigation of the independency of both constructs. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 2010, 15, 209–222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kumar, S. Burnout and doctors: Prevalence, prevention and intervention. Healthcare 2016, 4, 37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dewa, C.S.; Jacobs, P.; Thanh, N.X.; Loong, D. An estimate of the cost of burnout on early retirement and reduction in clinical hours of practicing physicians in Canada. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2014, 14, 254. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bodenheimer, T.; Sinsky, C. From triple to quadruple aim: Care of the patient requires care of the provider. Ann. Fam. Med. 2014, 12, 573–576. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Neff, K.D. Self-compassion. In Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Behavior; Leary, M.R., Hoyle, R.H., Eds.; Guilford Press: New York, NY, USA, 2009; pp. 561–573. [Google Scholar]
- Mills, J.; Chapman, M. Compassion and self-compassion in medicine: Self-care for the caregiver. AMJ 2016, 9, 87–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roeser, R.W.; Schonert-Reichl, K.A.; Jha, A.; Cullen, M.; Wallace, L.; Wilensky, R.; Oberle, E.; Thomson, K.; Taylor, C.; Harrison, J. Mindfulness training and reductions in teacher stress and burnout: Results from two randomized, waitlist-control field trials. J. Ed. Psychol. 2013, 105, 787–804. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lomas, T.; Medina, J.C.; Ivtzan, I.; Rupprecht, S.; Eiroa-Orosa, F.J. A systematic review of the impact of mindfulness on the well-being of healthcare professionals. J. Clin. Psychol. 2018, 74, 319–355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kemper, K.J.; McClafferty, H.; Wilson, P.M.; Serwint, J.R.; Batra, M.; Mahan, J.; Schubert, C.J.; Staples, B.B.; Schwartz, A. On behalf of the pediatric resident burnout-resilience study consortium. Do mindfulness and self-compassion predict burnout in pediatric residents? Acad. Med. 2018. [CrossRef]
- Diener, E.; Emmons, R.A.; Larson, R.J.; Griffin, S. The satisfaction with life scale. J. Pers. Assess. 1985, 49, 71–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ding, M.; Babenko, O.; Koppula, S.; Oswald, A.; White, J. Physicians as teachers and lifelong learners. J. Contin. Educ. Health Prof. 2018. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Babenko, O. Professional well-being of practicing physicians: The roles of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Healthcare 2018, 6, 12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Babenko, O.; Daniels, L.M.; White, J.; Oswald, A.; Ross, S. Achievement goals of medical students and physicians. Educ. Res. Rev. 2018, 13, 74–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Babenko, O.; Mosewich, A. In sport and now in medical school: Examining motivation and well-being of high-achieving students. Int. J. Med. Educ. 2017, 8, 336–342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Raes, F.; Pommier, E.; Neff, K.D.; Van Gucht, D. Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self-compassion scale. Clin. Psychol. Psychother. 2011, 18, 250–255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baron, R.M.; Kenney, D.A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1986, 51, 1173–1182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mosewich, A.D.; Crocker, P.R.E.; Kowalski, K.C.; Delongis, A. Applying self-compassion in sport: An intervention with women athletes. J. Sport. Exerc. Psychol. 2013, 35, 514–524. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Terry, M.L.; Leary, M.R.; Mehta, S. Self-compassion as a buffer against homesickness, depression, and dissatisfaction in the transition to college. Self Identity 2013, 12, 278–290. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Babenko, O.; Mosewich, A.; Abraham, J.; Lai, H. Contributions of psychological needs, self-compassion, leisure-time exercise, and achievement goals to academic engagement and exhaustion of Canadian medical students. J. Educ. Eval. Health Prof. 2018, 15, 2. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Richardson, D.A.; Jaber, S.; Chan, S.; Jesse, M.T.; Kaur, H.; Sangha, R. Self-compassion and empathy: Impact on burnout and secondary traumatic stress in medical training. Open J. Epidemiol. 2016, 6, 161–166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Klimecki, O.M.; Leiberg, S.; Ricard, M.; Singer, T. Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 2013, 9, 873–879. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Krasner, M.S.; Epstein, R.M.; Beckman, H.B.; Suchman, A.L.; Chapman, B.; Mooney, C.J.; Quill, T.E. Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians. JAMA 2009, 302, 1284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Variables | M (SD; R) | Correlations | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Self-Compassion | Work Engagement | Work Exhaustion | ||
Self-compassion | 3.39 (0.60; 1.83–4.42) | |||
Work engagement | 2.86 (0.36; 1.63–3.63) | 0.33 * | ||
Work exhaustion | 2.50 (0.43; 1.75–3.50) | −0.41 ** | −0.50 ** | |
Prof. life satisfaction | 5.24 (1.24; 1.40–7.00) | 0.32 * | 0.60 ** | −0.51 ** |
Professional Life Satisfaction | ||
---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | |
Self-compassion | 0.32 * | 0.06 |
Work engagement | – | 0.45 ** |
Work exhaustion | – | –0.26 * |
F-value | 6.18 * | 12.82 ** |
Total adjusted R2 | 0.09 | 0.39 |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Babenko, O.; Mosewich, A.D.; Lee, A.; Koppula, S. Association of Physicians’ Self-Compassion with Work Engagement, Exhaustion, and Professional Life Satisfaction. Med. Sci. 2019, 7, 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci7020029
Babenko O, Mosewich AD, Lee A, Koppula S. Association of Physicians’ Self-Compassion with Work Engagement, Exhaustion, and Professional Life Satisfaction. Medical Sciences. 2019; 7(2):29. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci7020029
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabenko, Oksana, Amber D. Mosewich, Ann Lee, and Sudha Koppula. 2019. "Association of Physicians’ Self-Compassion with Work Engagement, Exhaustion, and Professional Life Satisfaction" Medical Sciences 7, no. 2: 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci7020029