Tools for Detection of Schistosomiasis in Resource Limited Settings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Clinical Presentations of Schistosomiasis
3. Schistosomiasis Detection Methods
4. Urine and Stool Microscopy
5. Antibody Based Detection Methods
6. Antigen Based Detection Methods
7. Circulating Anodic Antigen Assay
8. Circulating Cathodic Antigen Assay
9. DNA Detection
10. Cost Analysis of Diagnostics
11. Future Directions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Diagnostic Method | Cost of Test Per Sample | Manufacturer | References |
---|---|---|---|
RDTs | |||
Hemastix | $0.25 | Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products Ltd., Llanberis, UK | [73] |
SmCTF-RDT | $1 | BioGlab Ltd., Nottingham, UK | [72,74] |
Immunoblot | $3.75 | LD-BIO Diagnostics, Lyon, France | [29,74,75,76] |
POC-CCA | $1.75 | Rapid Medical Diagnostics, Pretoria, South Africa | [69,77] |
UCP-LF CAA | - | - | [78] |
ELISA | $1.5 | SCIMEDX, New Jersey, USA | [79] |
IHA | N/A | Fumouze Laboratories Levallois-Perret, France | [29,79] |
Microscopy | |||
Urine filtration | $0.1–0.3 | - | [69] |
Direct faecal smear | $0.65 | - | [69,80] |
FECT | - | [69,80] | |
Kato-Katz | $2.00–2.67 | Sterlitech, Kent, Washington, DC, USA | [19,72] |
FLOTAC | ~$3 | University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. | [81] |
Mini-FLOTAC | $2.02 | University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. | [81,82] |
Molecular diagnostics | |||
PCR | $6.4–7.7 | Qiagen, Hilden, Germany | [51,82] |
LAMP | $0.71–2 | New England Biolabs, Hitchin, UK | [83,84] |
RPA | $5 | TwistDx, Cambridge, UK | [61] |
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Ajibola, O.; Gulumbe, B.H.; Eze, A.A.; Obishakin, E. Tools for Detection of Schistosomiasis in Resource Limited Settings. Med. Sci. 2018, 6, 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6020039
Ajibola O, Gulumbe BH, Eze AA, Obishakin E. Tools for Detection of Schistosomiasis in Resource Limited Settings. Medical Sciences. 2018; 6(2):39. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6020039
Chicago/Turabian StyleAjibola, Olumide, Bashar Haruna Gulumbe, Anthonius Anayochukwu Eze, and Emmanuel Obishakin. 2018. "Tools for Detection of Schistosomiasis in Resource Limited Settings" Medical Sciences 6, no. 2: 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6020039
APA StyleAjibola, O., Gulumbe, B. H., Eze, A. A., & Obishakin, E. (2018). Tools for Detection of Schistosomiasis in Resource Limited Settings. Medical Sciences, 6(2), 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6020039