Why Oats Are Safe and Healthy for Celiac Disease Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Journey of Oats towards Its Gluten-Free Status
3. Recent Safety Objections Refuted
4. The Contribution of Oats to a Healthy Gluten-Free Diet
- Beta-glucans (3 g/day) contribute to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels (EU 432/2012)
- Consumption of beta-glucans from oats and barley as part of a meal (4 g/30 g carbohydrates) contributes to the reduction of the blood glucose rise after that meal (EU 432/2012)
- Oat grain fiber contributes to an increase in fecal bulk (EU 432/2012)
- Reducing consumption of saturated fat contributes to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels (EU 432/2012)
- Oat beta-glucan (3 g/day) has been shown to actively lower/reduce blood cholesterol. High cholesterol is a risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease (EU 1160/2011)
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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T Cell Epitopes (Deamidated in Bold) | Epitope Variants (Amino Acid Differences Underlined) Present in Oat Avenins that Are Predicted to Resist Trypsin and Chymotrypsin Digestion |
---|---|
DQ2.5-glia-γ2 IQPEQPAQL (from wheat) | N Q P Q Q Q A Q F |
I Q P Q Q L P Q Y | |
DQ2.5-glutL2 FSQQQESPF (from wheat) | V Q Q Q Q Q Q P F |
DQ2.5-hor-1 PFPQPEQPF (from barley) | P Y P E Q Q Q P F |
DQ2.5-sec-1 PFPQPEQPF (from rye) | P Y P E Q Q Q P F |
DQ2.5-ave-1a PYPEQEEPF (from oat) | P Y P E Q Q Q P I |
DQ2.5-ave-1b PYPEQEQPF (from oat) | P Y P E Q Q Q S I |
P Y P E Q Q Q Q L |
Antibody | Reported Recognition Site in Wheat | Most Similar Variants that Exists in Oat (Substitutions Underlined) | Occurrence (% of Sequences) |
---|---|---|---|
R5 | QQPFP | Q Q P F L | 23.4 |
QQPFP | Q Q P F V | 27.6 | |
QQPFP | Q Q P F M | 23.4 | |
QQPYP | Y Q O Y P | 100 | |
G12 | QPQLPY | Q P Q L Q Q | 73.4 |
QPQQPY | Q P Q Q Q A | 40.4 | |
QPQQPY | Q Q Q Q P F | 48.9 | |
QPQQPY | Q P Q Q L P | 14.9 | |
QPQQPY | Q P Q Q L S | 6.4 | |
QPQLPF | Q P Q L Q L | 8.5 |
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Gilissen, L.J.W.J.; Van der Meer, I.M.; Smulders, M.J.M. Why Oats Are Safe and Healthy for Celiac Disease Patients. Med. Sci. 2016, 4, 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci4040021
Gilissen LJWJ, Van der Meer IM, Smulders MJM. Why Oats Are Safe and Healthy for Celiac Disease Patients. Medical Sciences. 2016; 4(4):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci4040021
Chicago/Turabian StyleGilissen, Luud J. W. J., Ingrid M. Van der Meer, and Marinus J. M. Smulders. 2016. "Why Oats Are Safe and Healthy for Celiac Disease Patients" Medical Sciences 4, no. 4: 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci4040021