Lithogenic and Anthropogenic Components in Surface Sediments from Lake Limboto as Shown by Magnetic Mineral Characteristics, Trace Metals, and REE Geochemistry
by
Raghel Yunginger 1,*
, Satria Bijaksana 1, Darharta Dahrin 1, Siti Zulaikah 2, Abd Hafidz 1, Kartika Hajar Kirana 3, Sudarningsih Sudarningsih 4, Mariyanto Mariyanto 5 and Silvia Jannatul Fajar 1
Raghel Yunginger 1,*, Satria Bijaksana 1, Darharta Dahrin 1, Siti Zulaikah 2, Abd Hafidz 1, Kartika Hajar Kirana 3, Sudarningsih Sudarningsih 4, Mariyanto Mariyanto 5 and Silvia Jannatul Fajar 1
1
Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
2
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
3
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
4
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin 70124, Indonesia
5
Faculty of Civil, Environmental and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Geosciences 2018, 8(4), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8040116
Received: 24 February 2018 / Revised: 24 March 2018 / Accepted: 27 March 2018 / Published: 31 March 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 1st International Congress on Earth Sciences in SE Asia)
Lake Limboto is one of the major lakes in Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is currently undergoing serious degradation due to population pressure. As more residential areas have been established around the lake, the sedimentation rate has increased because of the contribution of anthropogenic particles. In this study, the lithogenic and anthropogenic components in surface sediments from 17 points in the lake were studied and identified using a combination of magnetic and geochemical analyses. The results showed that although the magnetic susceptibility values in R (residential) and NR (non-residential) areas were relatively similar, the values of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) as well as those of SIRM/χLF differed significantly, implying that the magnetic characteristics of the lithogenic component (in the NR area) differ from those of the anthropogenic component (in the R area). The discrepancy between the anthropogenic and lithogenic contributions was further supported by trace metals and rare earth element (REE) contents. Sediment samples in the R area contained higher levels of Mn, La, Pr, and Gd, while in the NR area they contained higher levels of Fe, Sc, Nd, and Ce. The magnetic susceptibility also correlated strongly with Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn contents in the NR area. A similar correlation was not observed in the R area. The results above imply that a combination of magnetic and geochemical analyses can successfully differentiate lithogenic and anthropogenic components or contributions in lake sediments.
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Keywords:
lithogenic; anthropogenic; Lake Limboto; magnetic minerals; trace metals; rare earth elements; surface sediment
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MDPI and ACS Style
Yunginger, R.; Bijaksana, S.; Dahrin, D.; Zulaikah, S.; Hafidz, A.; Kirana, K.H.; Sudarningsih, S.; Mariyanto, M.; Fajar, S.J. Lithogenic and Anthropogenic Components in Surface Sediments from Lake Limboto as Shown by Magnetic Mineral Characteristics, Trace Metals, and REE Geochemistry. Geosciences 2018, 8, 116.
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