Veterinary and Equine Science Students’ Interpretation of Horse Behaviour
Abstract
:Simple summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Video | Description |
---|---|
1 | The handler and horse walk towards each other in a paddock. The handler strokes the horse and attaches the lead rope whilst the horse stands still. |
2 | The handler holds the horse with a halter and lead rope. The handler moves a worming syringe towards the horse’s mouth while the horse backs away. When the syringe reaches the mouth, the horse pulls back and canters away. |
3 | The horse is in an outside yard on its own. The horse initially walks quickly and then trots around the perimeter of the yard. Horse is lifting and lowering its head to the ground as it moves around the yard. |
4 | The horse stands alone in an arena with a saddle and halter on. The horse is resting with eyes half closed. |
5 | The horse is loose in an indoor yard on its own. The horse is standing still with its head elevated and ears pointing forward. The horse then moves off at a brisk walk around the yard. |
6 | The horse is in a yard with several other horses. The horse is partaking in mutual grooming with one other horse. |
Term | Description |
---|---|
Aggressive | Behaving in an angry or rude way, fighting or attacking |
Agitated | Restless, fidgety, worried or upset, excited, disturbed, troubled |
Alert | Receptive, aware of the environment |
Anxious | Worried/tense, troubled, apprehensive, distressed |
Apathetic | Having or showing little or no emotion, indifferent |
At ease | In a relaxed attitude or frame of mind |
Curious | Eager to learn, inquisitive, wishing to investigate |
Distressed | Much troubled, upset, afflicted, panicking |
Fearful | Having fear, afraid, displaying a flight response, looking anxious, back up/away |
Friendly | Not hostile, showing positive feelings toward another horse or person |
Happy | Feeling, showing or expressing joy, pleased |
Playful | Very active, happy, and wanting to have fun, mischievous |
Pushy | Offensively assertive or forceful, bossy, dominant |
Uncomfortable | Not comfortable, not relaxed |
Withdrawn | Secluded or remote, shy, not searching for contact with others |
Demographic Variables | Number | Percentage |
Gender | ||
Male | 17 | 13 |
Female | 109 | 87 |
Age | ||
<20 | 100 | 79 |
21–25 | 23 | 18 |
25–30 | 2 | 2 |
>30 | 2 | 2 |
Level of experience | ||
None | 13 | 10 |
Little | 45 | 35 |
Some | 13 | 10 |
Experienced | 30 | 24 |
Very Experienced | 26 | 20 |
Course studied | ||
Veterinary science or technology | 66 | 52 |
Undergraduate equine science | 61 | 48 |
Word | Video | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||||
N | Median | N | Median | N | Median | N | Median | N | Median | N | Median | |
Aggressive | - | - | 14 | 2 (1–3) | 2 | 3 (1–4) | - | - | 1 | 2 (2–2) | - | - |
Agitated | 2 | 2 (1–3) | 104 | 4 (3–5) | 75 | 4 (3–4) | 2 | 2 (1–3) | 61 | 3 (2–4) | - | - |
Alert | 102 | 4 (3–4) | 67 | 4 (3–5) | 79 | 4 (3–4) | 17 | 2 (2–3) | 115 | 5 (4–5) | 8 | 3 (2–4) |
Anxious | 16 | 2 (2–3) | 100 | 4 (3–5) | 69 | 3 (2–4) | 16 | 2 (1–4) | 78 | 3 (2–4) | - | - |
Apathetic | 6 | 3 (3–3) | - | - | 8 | 4 (3–4) | 89 | 4 (4–5) | 3 | 4 (2–5) | 3 | 3 (2–4) |
At Ease | 68 | 3 (3–4) | 1 | 1 (1–1) | 25 | 3 (3–4) | 88 | 5 (4–5) | 9 | 3 (2–3) | 103 | 4 (3–5) |
Curious | 107 | 4 (3–4) | 4 | 4 (2–5) | 47 | 4 (3–4) | 1 | 4 (4–4) | 72 | 3 (3–4) | 20 | 3 (2–4) |
Distressed | - | - | 110 | 4 (4–5) | 48 | 3 (2–4) | 7 | 3 (2–5) | 41 | 2 (1–3) | - | - |
Fearful | 3 | 2 (1–4) | 100 | 4 (4–5) | 13 | 2 (2–3) | 7 | 2 (1–3) | 17 | 2 (1–3) | - | - |
Friendly | 103 | 3 (3–4) | - | - | 11 | 2 (2–2) | 8 | 3 (1–3) | 9 | 2 (2–3) | 119 | 5 (4–5) |
Happy | 38 | 3 (3–4) | 1 | 1 (1–1) | 24 | 3 (2–4) | 21 | 3 (2–3) | 10 | 2 (2–3) | 110 | 4 (3–4) |
Playful | 8 | 3 (2–4) | 1 | 3 (3–3) | 25 | 3 (2–3) | - | - | 5 | 2 (1–2) | 67 | 4 (3–4) |
Pushy | 2 | 2 (1–3) | 8 | 3 (2–3) | 1 | 4 (4–4) | - | - | 1 | 2 (2–2) | 4 | 3 (2–4) |
Uncomfortable | 6 | 3 (2–4) | 106 | 4 (4–5) | 53 | 3 (2–4) | 14 | 3 (1–5) | 53 | 3 (2–3) | - | - |
Withdrawn | 5 | 2 (2–2) | 13 | 3 (2–5) | 6 | 3 (2–3) | 52 | 4 (2–4) | 7 | 3 (2–4) | - | - |
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Gronqvist, G.; Rogers, C.; Gee, E.; Martinez, A.; Bolwell, C. Veterinary and Equine Science Students’ Interpretation of Horse Behaviour. Animals 2017, 7, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani7080063
Gronqvist G, Rogers C, Gee E, Martinez A, Bolwell C. Veterinary and Equine Science Students’ Interpretation of Horse Behaviour. Animals. 2017; 7(8):63. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani7080063
Chicago/Turabian StyleGronqvist, Gabriella, Chris Rogers, Erica Gee, Audrey Martinez, and Charlotte Bolwell. 2017. "Veterinary and Equine Science Students’ Interpretation of Horse Behaviour" Animals 7, no. 8: 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani7080063