A Critical Look at Biomedical Journals’ Policies on Animal Research by Use of a Novel Tool: The EXEMPLAR Scale
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
EXEMPLAR Scale | Score | |
---|---|---|
A—Reporting of regulatory compliance | ||
Authors must attest of prior ethical approval of animal studies, or an analogous project evaluation process involving harm-benefit appraisal, (e.g., by providing documental evidence or ethics review board process reference) and include a statement of compliance with relevant legislation and national, international or institutional guidelines on animal care and use. | 5 | |
Authors must declare: | Ethical approval of studies or analogous evaluation process by competent authority, institutional animal care and use committee, animal welfare body or equivalent. | 2 |
Compliance with relevant national, international or institutional guidelines on animal care and use. | 1 | |
Compliance with relevant legislation on the use of animals. | 1 | |
B—Quality of research and reporting of results | ||
Journal refers authors to relevant guidelines on the quality of reporting of animal studies (e.g., ARRIVE guidelines, Gold Standard Publication Checklist, or other) | 5 | |
Authors must include information regarding: | Animals (e.g., sex, age, genotype, background, supplier, acclimatization period, etc.) | 1 |
Experimental conditions (e.g., housing, lighting, temperature, feeding regime, environmental enrichment, etc.) | 1 | |
Experimental design and statistics | 1 | |
Experimental procedures and outcomes | 1 | |
C—Animal Welfare and ethics | ||
Journal demands that the methods described are coherent with best principles and practice on the ethical treatment of animals in research, e.g., by demanding strict compliance with relevant guidelines on animal care and use, the 3Rs for replacement, reduction and refinement or the journal's own policies. | 5 | |
Authors must: | state the rationale for choosing the animal model(s) used | 1 |
report the impact of the experiment on animal health and wellbeing | 1 | |
describe any measures to minimize harm (e.g., anesthetics, analgesics, humane endpoints) and/or improve the wellbeing of animals (e.g., husbandry adaptations for more vulnerable animals) | 1 | |
justify the necessity of any unrelieved pain, suffering or distress inflicted | 1 | |
D—Criteria for the exclusion of papers | ||
Meeting journal standards on animal ethics care and welfare is indispensable for manuscript acceptance and/or publication. Studies raising serious concerns over animal welfare, or presenting significant discrepancies between the approved protocol and methods described may be reported to the institution or committee responsible for ethical approval. | 5 | |
Studies raising serious ethical concerns (e.g., serious neglect regarding animal welfare or unjustifiable suffering considering the value of the experiment) may be rejected by editors or reviewers. | 3 | |
Journal states specific procedure(s) that will not be accepted for publication (e.g., use of muscle relaxants or paralytic drugs alone for surgery, severe lesion/trauma without anesthesia, or death as an endpoint) | 1 |
2. Experimental Section
2.1. The Exemplar Scale
2.2. Journals Search
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Sample Characterization
3.2. EXEMPLAR Score
3.3. Relationship between EXEMPLAR Score and Other Parameters
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Martins, A.R.; Franco, N.H. A Critical Look at Biomedical Journals’ Policies on Animal Research by Use of a Novel Tool: The EXEMPLAR Scale. Animals 2015, 5, 315-331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5020315
Martins AR, Franco NH. A Critical Look at Biomedical Journals’ Policies on Animal Research by Use of a Novel Tool: The EXEMPLAR Scale. Animals. 2015; 5(2):315-331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5020315
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartins, Ana Raquel, and Nuno Henrique Franco. 2015. "A Critical Look at Biomedical Journals’ Policies on Animal Research by Use of a Novel Tool: The EXEMPLAR Scale" Animals 5, no. 2: 315-331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5020315
APA StyleMartins, A. R., & Franco, N. H. (2015). A Critical Look at Biomedical Journals’ Policies on Animal Research by Use of a Novel Tool: The EXEMPLAR Scale. Animals, 5(2), 315-331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani5020315