This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Effects of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Nanoliposomes on Growth Performance, Gut Development and Microbiota of Broilers
by
,
Li Chen
1,2
,
Li Wang
2,
Sheng Huang
1,2,
Guoqi Su
1,2,
Shan Jiang
1,2,
Feiyun Yang
1,2,* and
Jingxiu Huang
1,2,* 1
Animal Nutrition Institute of Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
2
National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2025, 15(13), 1852; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15131852
Submission received: 28 May 2025
/
Revised: 16 June 2025
/
Accepted: 19 June 2025
/
Published: 23 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Topic Effects of Dietary Interventions on Farm Animal Welfare and Production)
Simple Summary
Reducing the feed-to-gain ratio remains a critical objective for cost reduction and efficiency enhancement in the livestock industry. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with cyclic adenosine monophosphate nanoliposomes (Nano-cAMP) on growth performance, intestinal development, appetite-related hormone expression, and gut microbiota composition in broilers. Results demonstrated that Nano-cAMP supplementation significantly improved growth efficiency by reducing the feed-to-gain ratio. The treatment upregulated expression of cholecystokinin (CCK, an appetite-suppressing hormone) and secretin (a digestion-promoting hormone) genes, enhanced jejunal villus height, and increased the relative abundance of probiotic Lactobacillus species alongside cellulose-degrading bacterial populations in the intestinal microbiota. These findings indicate that Nano-cAMP supplementation effectively enhances growth performance and promotes intestinal health in broilers through multifaceted regulatory mechanisms.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Nano-cAMP on growth performance, gut development, and microbiota composition in broilers. A total of 108 21-day-old yellow-feathered female chicks were randomly divided into three groups with six replicates per group and six chicks per replicate according to the principle of consistent body weight. Experimental treatments included the following: (1) CON group (basal diet), (2) cAMP group (basal diet + 0.02 g/kg cAMP), and (3) Nano-cAMP group (basal diet + 0.37 g/kg Nano-cAMP liposomes). After a 21-day experimental period, results revealed the following: Compared with the CON group, the Nano-cAMP group exhibited a significantly reduced feed-to-gain ratio (p < 0.05). The cAMP group exhibited a significant increase in duodenal index (p < 0.05), whereas the Nano-cAMP group demonstrated greater jejunal villus height (p < 0.05). Both treatment groups showed significant upregulation of cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin gene expression (p < 0.05). Analysis of alpha-diversity indices (Chao1, Shannon, Simpson) revealed no significant differences in jejunal and cecal microbiota composition between experimental groups (p > 0.05). Notably, the relative abundance of Firmicutes significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the cAMP and Nano-cAMP groups, whereas Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadota, and Chloroflexi significantly decreased (p< 0.05). The combined relative abundance of three Lactobacillus genera and Bifidobacterium was obviously elevated. Linear discriminant analysis identified Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus torques group, and uncultured_Thermoanaerobacterales_bacterium as dominant genera in the intestinal tract of Nano-cAMP group. In conclusion, dietary addition of Nano-cAMP promotes jejunal development, modulates appetite hormones mRNA expression, enhances absorption capacity, increases the relative abundance of intestinal probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and cellulose-degrading bacteria such as Ruminococcus torques group, optimizes gut microbiota composition, and ultimately reduces the feed-to-gain ratio in broilers.
