Health and Welfare Benefits of Computerized Cognitive Enrichment in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) at the US Navy Marine Mammal Program
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Incomplete Diet Consumption Day Analyses
3.2. Diet Consumed Analyses
3.3. Number of Clinically Ill Days
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Animal | Age at Start of Time Period 1 | Classification | Time Period 1 Dates | Time Period 2 Dates | EVE Sessions in Time Period 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANK | 9 | EVE–Control | 22 July 2018–22 July 2020 | 23 July 2020–23 July 2022 | 93 |
JCK | 12 | Non-EVE–Control | 20 March 2018–20 March 2020 | 21 March 2020–21 March 2022 * | 0 |
REX | 15 | EVE–Focal | 8 September 2018–8 September 2020 | 9 September 2020–9 September 2022 | 183 |
SLD | 16 | EVE–Focal | 2 August 2018–2 August 2020 | 3 August 2020–3 August 2022 | 113 |
Subject | Time Period | Days Removed Due to Illness | Number of Days Analyzed | Days of ICOD | Average Diet (lbs) | Mean % of Diet Consumed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANK | 1 | 0 | 747 | 6 | 12.19 | 99.83 |
2 | 0 | 743 | 1 | 13.04 | 99.93 | |
JCK | 1 | 0 | 728 | 6 | 11.58 | 99.89 |
2 | 19 | 701 | 8 | 12.47 | 99.86 | |
REX | 1 | 5 | 717 | 61 | 15.19 | 97.36 |
2 | 0 | 717 | 18 | 16.30 | 99.27 | |
SLD | 1 | 25 | 701 | 40 | 15.16 | 98.06 |
2 | 1 | 721 | 15 | 13.23 | 99.37 |
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Winship, K.; McClain, A.; Ramos, A.; Dunham, J.; Xitco, M., Jr. Health and Welfare Benefits of Computerized Cognitive Enrichment in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) at the US Navy Marine Mammal Program. Animals 2024, 14, 1120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14071120
Winship K, McClain A, Ramos A, Dunham J, Xitco M Jr. Health and Welfare Benefits of Computerized Cognitive Enrichment in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) at the US Navy Marine Mammal Program. Animals. 2024; 14(7):1120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14071120
Chicago/Turabian StyleWinship, Kelley, Abby McClain, Amber Ramos, Jennifer Dunham, and Mark Xitco, Jr. 2024. "Health and Welfare Benefits of Computerized Cognitive Enrichment in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) at the US Navy Marine Mammal Program" Animals 14, no. 7: 1120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14071120