Salmonella spp. in Aquaculture: An Exploratory Analysis (Integrative Review) of Microbiological Diagnoses between 2000 and 2020
by
, , , , and
Yuri Duarte Porto
1
,
Fabiola Helena dos Santos Fogaça
2, 
Adriana Oliveira Andrade
3,
Luciana Kimie Savay da Silva
4,
Janine Passos Lima
2,
Jorge Luiz da Silva
5,
Bruno Serpa Vieira
6,
Adelino Cunha Neto
4,
Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo
4,* and
Wagner de Souza Tassinari
3 1
Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil
2
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil
3
Department of Mathematics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil
4
Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil
5
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso (IFMT), São Vicente da Serra 78106-000, Brazil
6
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia 38410-337, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2023, 13(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010027
Submission received: 23 November 2022
/
Revised: 11 December 2022
/
Accepted: 12 December 2022
/
Published: 21 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Animal System and Management)
Simple Summary
Salmonellosis is characterized by a gastrointestinal infection resulting from the ingestion of water and food contaminated by bacteria of the genus Salmonella, of which causes enterocolitis. Although infections are acute and self-limiting, efforts to prevent this problem of interest to global public health are important. Salmonella spp. is distributed in different environments and animal species; therefore, meat derived from animal production is one of the main routes of human infection, increasing the importance of research focusing on microbiological quality and food safety. Aquaculture is a constantly growing sector in the world, and the monitoring of Salmonella spp. in fish products is important for public health due to the risks of contamination during all stages of production. In this context, the present study carried out a systematic integrative review of the microbiological diagnoses of Salmonella spp. in aquaculture between 2000 and 2020 with the objective of characterizing and contributing to the promotion of measures to control and prevent this pathogen in aquaculture production. A database generated was composed of information that was mined from articles such as the most sampled aquaculture species, the microbiological diagnostic method(s) conducted in the investigation of Salmonella spp., and the main reported serotypes.
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize, through descriptive statistics, data from scientific articles selected in a systematic integrative review that performed a microbiological diagnosis of Salmonella spp. in aquaculture. Data were obtained from research articles published in the BVS, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The selected studies were published between 2000 and 2020 on samples of aquaculture animal production (fish, shrimp, bivalve mollusks, and other crustaceans) and environmental samples of aquaculture activity (farming water, soil, and sediments). After applying the exclusion criteria, 80 articles were selected. Data such as country of origin, categories of fish investigated, methods of microbiological diagnosis of Salmonella spp., sample units analyzed and most reported serovars were mined. A textual analysis of the word cloud and by similarity and descending hierarchical classification with the application of Reinert’s algorithm was performed using R® and Iramuteq® software. The results showed that a higher percentage of the selected articles came from Asian countries (38.75%). Fish was the most sampled category, and the units of analysis of the culture water, muscle and intestine were more positive. The culture isolation method is the most widespread, supported by more accurate techniques such as PCR. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars reported were S. Typhimurium, S. Weltevreden and S. Newport. The textual analysis showed a strong association of the terms “Salmonella”, “fish” and “water”, and the highest hierarchical class grouped 25.4% of the associated text segments, such as “aquaculture”, “food” and “public health”. The information produced characterizes the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in the aquaculture sector, providing an overview of recent years. Future research focusing on strategies for the control and prevention of Salmonella spp. in fish production are necessary and should be encouraged.
Keywords:
Salmonella; fish farming; food safety; public health; word cloud; similarity; Reinert’s algorithm
