Ecofriendly Usability of Mushroom Cultivation Substrate as a Ruminant Feed: Anaerobic Digestion Using Gas Production Techniques
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mushroom Cultivation Spent Substrate
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis
2.3. Chemical Analyses
2.4. In Vitro Gas Production
2.5. OMD, ME, and NEL Content
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. SEM Analysis of Mushroom Substrate
3.2. Chemical Analyses
3.3. In Vitro Gas and Methane Production
3.4. OMD, ME, and NEL Contents
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Feed | DM | Ash | CP | EE | NDF | ADF | ADL | CF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uncultivated substrate | 33.11 | 34.42 b | 10.46 | 12.29 a | 54.39 | 44.50 a | 27.53 | 13.33 a |
Cultivated substrate | 33.35 | 38.04 a | 10.60 | 9.35 b | 57.54 | 39.99 b | 29.70 | 8.26 b |
SEM | 0.36 | 0.53 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.76 | 0.48 | 0.60 | 0.43 |
p value | 0.752 | 0.026 | 0.688 | <0.0001 | 0.108 | 0.010 | 0.145 | 0.004 |
Feed | Incubation Times (Gas) (h) | Methane (mL) | pH | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 | 12 | 24 | 6 | 12 | 24 | 6 | 12 | 24 | |
Uncultivated substrate | 3.98 b | 7.29 | 11.94 b | 0.75 b | 0.48 b | 0.81 b | 6.58 | 6.61 | 6.73 |
Cultivated substrate | 6.96 a | 9.95 | 16.91 a | 1.14 a | 0.91 a | 1.24 a | 6.60 | 6.59 | 6.69 |
SEM | 0.33 | 1.65 | 0.5 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
p value | 0.003 | 0.065 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.023 | 0.009 | 0.184 | 0.170 | 0.115 |
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Palangi, V.; Kaya, A.; Kaya, A.; Giannenas, I. Ecofriendly Usability of Mushroom Cultivation Substrate as a Ruminant Feed: Anaerobic Digestion Using Gas Production Techniques. Animals 2022, 12, 1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121583
Palangi V, Kaya A, Kaya A, Giannenas I. Ecofriendly Usability of Mushroom Cultivation Substrate as a Ruminant Feed: Anaerobic Digestion Using Gas Production Techniques. Animals. 2022; 12(12):1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121583
Chicago/Turabian StylePalangi, Valiollah, Adem Kaya, Ali Kaya, and Ilias Giannenas. 2022. "Ecofriendly Usability of Mushroom Cultivation Substrate as a Ruminant Feed: Anaerobic Digestion Using Gas Production Techniques" Animals 12, no. 12: 1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121583